Flora of New Zealand Series

Introduction to the Electronic Format

First electronic edition, June 2004

The Flora of New Zealand series is an important resource - providing an authoritative synthesis of the state of knowledge of our unique New Zealand flora. Each volume provides information on the taxonomy, nomenclature and descriptive data for the taxa covered. Many also include information on the biology, distribution, and habitat preferences of the taxa, as well as illustrations, identification keys and other notes.

The electronic versions are not intended to replace the printed Flora of New Zealand series. The aim of the electronic versions is to increase awareness and improve access to this information by making them available via the Internet, and to add value by linking them with other online resources such as Ngā Tipu o Aotearoa - New Zealand Plants

In creating the electronic version we have attempted to accurately reproduce the content of the printed volume. While the content of this volume is wholly the responsibility of the author of the volume,

• Flora Volume I: H. H. Allan
• Flora Volume II: L. B. Moore and E. Edgar
• Flora Volume III: A. J. Healy and E. Edgar
• Flora Volume IV: C. J. Webb, W. R. Sykes, P. J. Garnock-Jones and other contributors
• Flora Volume V: E. Edgar and H. E. Connor
• Flora of New Zealand - Lichens: D. J. Galloway
• Flora of New Zealand - Lichens Revised Second Edition Volume One: D. J. Galloway
• Flora of New Zealand - Lichens Revised Second Edition Volume Two: D. J. Galloway
• Flora of the Liverworts and Hornworts of New Zealand - Volume 1: J. J. Engel and D. Glenny

the layout and style of the content has been altered to accommodate the change from a printed text to electronic delivery via the Internet.

For scientific research, we strongly recommend that the printed version of this volume is used and cited.

Project Description

This file was created as part of a project to make nine volumes of the Flora and Fauna of New Zealand series available to the public via the Internet. The aim of the project was to improve access and awareness to the Series by making priority volumes available, in a searchable form, on the Internet.

The project involved creating complete electronic versions of the printed text by converting existing electronic copies, rekeying the text or using optical character recognition; editing the text to ensure consistency with the printed text; converting the electronic version to XML; cross-linking the XML version (e.g., to enable navigation within the text); and presenting the XML on the internet. XML was used to capture as much of the structure of the volumes as possible, and to facilitate searching of the text.

Sampling and Editorial Declarations

This version represents the complete text of:

• Flora of New Zealand volume 1
• Flora of New Zealand volume 2
• Flora of New Zealand volume 3
• Flora of New Zealand volume 4
• Flora of New Zealand volume 5
• Flora of New Zealand - Lichens
• Flora of New Zealand - Lichens Revised Second Edition Volume One
• Flora of New Zealand - Lichens Revised Second Edition Volume Two
• Flora of the Liverworts and Hornworts of New Zealand - Volume 1

Hyphenation has been removed from the electronic version only where hyphenation was used to span a word across two lines in the printed version.

Footnotes have been placed at the end of the entry or section to which they refer.

To facilitate the constraints of presenting in electronic format all keys in this volume were rearranged.

The electronic version is divided into two major sections: a header section and the body of the text.

The header section describes the creation of the electronic file. The body of the text contains the entire text of the printed version. The body of the text is subdivided into a number of sections representing the major structure of the book (e.g., Table of contents, Preface, Acknowledgements, Taxon entries). Within each section the text was further subdivided according to a custom schema. The order of the text within the taxon entries may differ to that of the printed book.

No additional material or interpretation was added to the body of the text. Editorial notes and additional information are restricted to the header section.

The symbol for hermaphrodite used in the printed version of the text is not available in standard fonts. All occurrences of the hermaphrodite symbol have been replaced with "☿" following the definition in Stearn (1983, Botanical Latin. p. 365).

These electronic versions were created by rekeying the original text.

• Flora of New Zealand volume 1: A.D. Wilton and I.M.L. Andres, 26 June 2004
• Flora of New Zealand volume 2: A.D. Wilton and I.M.L. Andres, 26 June 2004
• Flora of New Zealand volume 3: A.D. Wilton and I.M.L. Andres, 24 June 2004
• Flora of New Zealand volume 4: A.D. Wilton and I.M.L. Andres, 26 March 2004
• Flora of New Zealand volume 5: A.D. Wilton and I.M.L. Andres, 24 June 2004
• Flora of New Zealand - Lichens: A.D. Wilton and I.M.L. Andres, June 2006
• Flora of New Zealand - Lichens Revised Second Edition Volume One: A.D. Wilton and I.M.L. Willis, June 2006
• Flora of New Zealand - Lichens Revised Second Edition Volume Two: A.D. Wilton and I.M.L. Willis, December 2007
• Flora of the Liverworts and Hornworts of New Zealand - Volume 1: A.D. Wilton and I.M.L. Willis, June 2008

Relationships to other resources

There are three Manaaki Whenua resources containing descriptions of the Flora of New Zealand:

• Biota of New Zealand
• Electronic Flora of New Zealand
• Flora of New Zealand Series (this site)

Biota of New Zealand

This site provides access to taxonomic and nomenclatural data about the fungi, land invertebrates and plants as well as some virus and bacteria that are found in, or relevant to, Aotearoa – New Zealand.

It includes

• scientific names. Details on a record may include
  • the publication details for the name
  • associated taxonomy information including the status as a current (preferred) name or synonym, place in the higher classification
  • biostatus details (origin and occurrence) if it is considered a current name
  • descriptions and identification keys
  • images of the taxon or associated specimens
  • vernacular names
• vernacular (common) names
  • details on the origin of the vernacular name (when available)
  • details on the application of the vernacular name
• references - the literature associated with taxonomic and nomenclatural data. Details may include
  • the taxonomy and names used in the reference
  • descriptions published in the reference

We attempt to keep this up-to-date with the scientific literature.  The data is therefore edited on a daily basis.  These changes are published to the website automatically, and will normally appear within 15 minutes of an editor updating the record.

In the Flora Series site, by clicking on the icon at the start of each taxon description a new window will open up displaying the information for that taxon in the Biota of New Zealand portal.

Electronic Flora of New Zealand

This site is dynamic, able to be updated, electronically-based Flora of New Zealand. It is based on new systematic research and brings together information from our network of databases and online resources. The Flora of New Zealand series on indigenous and naturalised vascular plants was first published in 1961, with subsequent volumes in 1970, 1980, 1988 and 2000. Since these volumes were published there have been major advances in taxonomic research on the New Zealand flora, including description of new taxa, revised generic circumscriptions, and new information on biostatus and distribution. This means there is a constant need to revise the Flora of New Zealand volumes to keep them up-to-date. As at 2024, new taxonomic treatments for Ferns, Mosses and some Seed Plants are available on the Electronic Flora of New Zealand.

While some of the information from Flora of New Zealand Series appears in the Electronic Flora, there are no hyperlinks between the two sites.