Flora of New Zealand Series

≡Parmelia spumosa Asahina, J. Jap. Bot. 26: 259 (1951).

≡Parmelina spumosa (Asahina) Hale, Phytologia 28: 483 (1974).

≡Hypotrachyna spumosa (Asahina) Krog & Swinscow, Lichenologist 19 (4): 420 (1987).

Description : Flora (1985: 352 – as Parmelina spumosa).

Chemistry : Cortex K+ yellow; medulla K−, C+ rose, KC+ rose, Pd−; comtaining atranorin, chloroatranorin, gyrophoric acid (major), 5- O -methylhiascic acid (minor) and umbilicaric acid (minor) (Elix & Wardlaw 2000).

N: Northland to Taranaki. S: Canterbury (Hanmer) to Otago (Dunedin). A: On both native and introduced trees and shrubs (especially on Acacia), and occasionally on rocks in grassland. Common in the pantropics being known from East Africa, Zimbabwe, South Africa, Japan, Papua New Guinea, Australia and New Caledonia (Becker 2002; Louwhoff & Elix 2002a. 2002b; McCarthy 2003c, 2006).

Cosmopolitan

Illustrations : Hale (1976b: 45, fig. 19D – as Parmelina spumosa); Brodo et al. (2001: 488, pl. 569); Louwhoff & Elix (2002b: 134, fig. 74).

Parmelinopsis spumosa is characterised by: the corticolous (occasionally saxicolous) habit; the pale-yellow (in part) medulla; pustulate isidia which do not (or only sparingly) become sorediate; and gyrophoric acid in the medulla.