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Liverworts v1 (2008) - A Flora of the Liverworts and Hornworts of New Zealand Volume 1
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Lophozia (Dumort.) Dumort.

Lophozia (Dumort.) Dumort.

Lophozia (Dumort.) Dumort., Recueil Observ. Jungerm. 17. 1835.

Jungermannia sect. Lophozia Dumort., Syll. Jungerm. Europ. 53. 1831.

Isopaches Buch, Mem. Soc. Fauna Fl. Fennica 8: 287. 1932.

Leiocolea (Müll.Frib.) Buch, Mem. Soc. Fauna Fl. Fennica 8: 288. 1932.

Leiocolea Müll.Frib. in Rabenhorst, Krypt.-Fl. Deutschland, ed. 2, 6(1): 711. 1920.

Obtusifolium S.W.Arnell, Illus. Moss Fl. Fennoscandia 1 (Hep.): 133, 309. 1956.

Massula Müll.Frib. ex Schljakov, Novit. Syst. Plant. Non Vasc. 9: 314. 1972, nom. illeg. (non Dulac, 1867, Typhaceae).

Lophozia subg. Massula Müll.Frib., Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 57: 341. 1939, nom. inval.

Protolophozia (R.M.Schust.) Schljakov, Novit. Syst. Plant. Non Vasc. 16: 204. 1979.

Lophozia subg. Protolophozia R.M.Schust., Nova Hedwigia 15: 472. 1968.

Type: Lophozia ventricosa (Dicks.) Dumort. (≡Jungermannia ventricosa Dicks.)

Plants anisophyllous, usually prostrate, at times ascending to suberect, pale to pure green but often tinged with reddish to vinaceous or brownish pigments, variable in size, from tiny and under 500 µm wide to vigorous and 2.5–5 mm wide, the shoot apices not becoming flagelliform. Branching variable, Frullania -type and ventral- and lateral-intercalary type branches present in various species and combinations; basiscopic-terminal (Radula -type) branches occasional; geotropic stoloniform branches absent (except subg. Hypolophozia). Leaves succubously inserted and oriented, concave to ± canaliculate, 2-, 3-, or 4-lobed, if 3-lobed, the dorsal lobe largest; lamina margins usually entire, at times with a few teeth, especially toward the base. Cells thin-walled and lacking trigones in some taxa but trigones mostly present; surface striate-papillose or smooth. Oil-bodies usually granular, occasionally homogeneous. Underleaves varying from bifid to undivided and lanceolate (then usually with 1 to several cilia or laciniae each terminating in a slime papilla) to vestigial or lacking. Gemmae often present, green, brownish or reddish, usually 1–2-celled, smooth or angulate.

Autoecious, paroecious or dioecious. Gynoecial bracts larger than leaves, usually sheathing the perianth base, 2–3–4-lobed; bracteole usually distinct, large, free or broadly connate with bract on one side and at times narrowly so on the other. Perianth long-emergent, cylindrical or ovoid or clavate, usually plicate in distal 0.2–0.5.

Seta usually massive and of general type, in minute taxa sometimes with 8–10 outer + 4 or more inner cell rows. Capsule wall (2)3–5 stratose; outer layer of cells usually at most slightly elongated, with all longitudinal walls and most longer transverse ones with nodular thickenings; inner layer of cells usually with distinct semiannular bands.

Key to Species

1
Stem in cross section with medullary cells ± uniform, the ventral cells not or scarcely smaller, with or without mycorrhizae
2
Stem in cross section with a ventral band of much smaller, mycorrhizal cells (with maturity, cells brownish, eventually disintegrating in at least part). Underleaves lacking. Cells thin-walled, with trigones minute to small; ♀ bracteole connate. Plants paroecious. Subg. Lophozia
L. excisa (p. 662)
2
Underleaves consistently lacking (rarely 1–2-celled rudiments) on sterile shoots; leaves rather invariably and consistently 2-lobed; branching never consistently lateral-intercalary. Cells (except L. pumicicola) ± strongly, equally firm-walled, the lumina often rounded at angles; oil-bodies usually 3–4(5–15) per cell. Subg. Isopaches
3
Underleaves variable in size and shape, often lanceolate, sometimes bifid, usually distinct on sterile shoots, at least at their apices; leaves bilobed, or variably 2–3(4)-lobed on one stem; branching all lateral-intercalary. Subg. Protolophozia
5
3
Plants devoid of gemmae; leaves longer than broad, ovate, the lobes often almost juxtaposed, the sinus often sharp; ♀ bracts 2(3)-lobed, the lobes sometimes with 1–2 additional teeth. Paroecious
L. pumicicola (p. 663)
Plants copiously provided with orange-red or red-brown gemmae; leaves broader than long, suborbicular-subquadrate to suboblate, with wide, open sinuses
4
4
Leaves consistently bilobed; leaf cells distinctly evenly thick-walled, trigones indistinct, the surface smooth or faintly papillose; stems with cortex scarcely differentiated from the medullary; gemmae polygonal to stellate. ♀ Bracts with lobes usually ± strongly toothed; paroecious or heteroecious
L. bicrenata (p. 665)
Leaves shallowly 2–3-lobed; leaf cells in median sector of leaf thin-walled and with distinct trigones, the surface distinctly striate; stems with cortex in 2–3 rows of firm-walled, smaller cells; gemmae basically smooth, elliptic, not angular
[Tritomaria; p. 666]
5
Mature sterile (and all gynoecial) shoots with underleaves large, well developed (ca. 0.35× leaf size), subcuneate-oblong (obvious under dissecting microscope); leaves 2–3(4)-lobed to 0.4–0.75, the lobes mostly 2–3× as long as broad; cells leptodermous, lacking trigones. ?Dioecious
L. herzogiana (p. 648)
Mature sterile shoots usually lacking underleaves or underleaves rudimentary (near apices of ♀ shoots sometimes distinct, but small) (normally appearing absent under dissecting microscope); leaves 2-lobed for 0.2–0.45 (2–3-lobed in L. multicuspidata); median cells usually under 38 µm broad
6
6
Plants autoecious, paroecious or heteroecious, medium-sized, the shoots 1–1.5 mm wide × 5–30 mm long; gemmae green or vinaceous, angulate (or lacking); perianth terete below, shallowly plicate distally, mouth crenulate or denticulate with teeth 1(2) cells long
7
Plants dioecious, minute, the shoots under 0.5 mm wide × 2.5 mm long (sterile shoots only to 110 µm wide); gemmae spherical, bright red; perianth plicate/sulcate almost to base, at mouth with cilia hyaline, with a uniseriate row of to 11 cells. Epiphytic
L. druceae (p. 661)
7
Leaf surfaces distinctly striate-papillose; stem cortex undifferentiated; antheridial stalks uniseriate
8
Leaf surfaces smooth (or faintly striolate see L. monoica); stem cortex 1–2-layered; antheridial stalk 2-seriate, at least above
10
8
♀ Bracts usually coarsely dentate; upper leaves of ♀ shoots dense, vertical; gemmae lacking; leaf lobe margins with cells 36–48 × 30–38 µm. Autoecious and frequently paroecious. Alpine, penalpine
L. nivicola (p. 654)
♀ Bracts with lobes edentate; upper leaves of ♀ shoots not dense, not forming a capitulum, not vertical; gemmae always present, greenish; leaf lobe margins with cells 25–35 × 21–27 µm or smaller
9
9
Leaves ovate to suboblate, usually 1.2–1.4× as long as wide, the base weakly concave; lobes often strongly squarrose; cells with ± small trigones; oil-bodies usually 20–45 per cell. Autoecious
L. autoica (p. 649)
Leaves oblong-falcate, narrower, often to 1.6–1.8× as long as wide, the base distinctly concave; lobes incurved but never squarrose; cells with large trigones; oil-bodies fewer, (5–8)9–15(18–24) per cell. Autoecious and heteroecious
L. subalpina (p. 652)
10
Leaf lobe apices sharp, the tip cell distinctly longer than wide; stems lacking mycorrhizal hyphae; shoots medium, to 1260 µm wide. Autoecious or paroecious
L. multicuspidata (p. 657)
Leaf lobe apices not sharp, the tip cell ± isodiametric; stems with at least some mycorrhizal hyphae; shoots small, to 840 µm wide. Autoecious or paroecious
L. monoica (p. 655)

A large (65–70 species), complex and often difficult genus with a cosmopolitan distribution. The greatest number of species are found in the boreal to subarctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere (43 species of Lophozia and Barbilophozia are listed for North America in Stotler and Crandall-Stotler [1977]; these are treated in detail in Schuster [1969c]). The genus has some species occurring in the south temperate zone, but it is not “species rich in cool/cold Austral regions” as stated by Schuster (2002a, p. 232). Chile has eight species and New Zealand has 10 species; these and other southern temperate and subantarctic species belong to a number of diverse subgenera, as follows.

1) subg. Orthocaulis (Buch) R.M.Schust. has two Austral species: L. anomala R.M.Schust. (=Orthocaulis longiflorus Herzog, Rev. Bryol. Lichénol. 23: 32. 1954, non  Lophozia longiflora Nees) from southern Chile and L. leucorhiza (Mitt.) R.M.Schust. from Kerguelen Island.

2) subg. Barbilophozia (Loeske) Müll.Frib., with L. hatcheri (A.Evans) Steph., is bipolar, in the Southern Hemisphere occurring on the southernmost tip of South America, Falkland Islands (Engel, 1990a) and in the maritime Antarctic (Bednarek-Ochyra et al., 2000).

3)  subg. Protolophozia R.M.Schust. has the most Austral representatives. Lophozia crispata R.M.Schust. and L. gymnocoleopsis R.M.Schust. & J.J.Engel occur in southern South America; L. androgyna R.M.Schust. and L. tasmanica R.M.Schust. are both from Tasmania; and L. lancistipa (Grolle) R.M.Schust. occurs on Marion Island and Prince Edward Island. Seven species occur in New Zealand.

4) subg. Lophozia has two Austral species. Lophozia excisa (Dicks.) Dumort. is bipolar, in the Southern Hemisphere occurring in our area, the southernmost tip of South America, South Georgia and the Antarctic (a species from South Georgia is a synonym: Lophozia propagulifera (Gottsche) Steph., Sp. Hepat. 2: 139. 1901, syn. fide Schuster [1969c, p. 512, 521] ≡Jungermannia propagulifera Gottsche in Neumayer, Deutsch. Exp. Int. Polarforsch. 2: 451. 1890). The second species is L. cf. groenlandica (Nees) Macoun ( subg. Lophozia), and is bipolar, in the Southern Hemisphere known only from the South Orkney Islands and the western coast of the Antarctic Peninsula (Bednarek-Ochyra et al., 2000).

5)  subg. Isopaches (Buch) R.M.Schust. has two species, both known only from our area.

6) subg. Schistochilopsis N.Kitag. has L. patagonica Herzog & Grolle from southern Chile.

7) subg. Hypolophozia R.M.Schust. has L. laxifolia (Mont.) Grolle of southern Chile and L. argentina (Steph.) R.M.Schust. known from Argentina (type) and South Africa (Váňa, 1982, p. 81). Only eight species occur in tropical America (Gradstein et al., 2001).

References: Schuster (1968b, 1969c, 2002a).

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