Flora of New Zealand Series

P. perfossa Stirton, J. Linn. Soc. Lond. Bot. 14: 462 (1875).

P. atrofumosa Knight, T.N.Z.I. 12: 367 (1880).

P. immixta var. gyrantha Nyl., Lich. N.Z.: 49 (1888).

P. granulifera Müll. Arg., J. Linn. Soc. Lond. Bot. 32: 208 (1896).

Lectotype: New Zealand. Otago, East Taieri Bush. 5 November 1861. W.L. Lindsay, H-NYL 31270!

P. perfossa. Lectotype: New Zealand. Wellington J. Buchanan 23, WELT!

P. atrofumosa. Holotype: New Zealand. Wellington. C. Knight, WELT!

P. immixta var. gyrantha. Lectotype: New Zealand. Sine loco (prob. Wellington). C. Knight, H-NYL 31287!

P. granulifera. Lectotype: New Zealand. Sine loco. Colenso C1652, BM!

Thallus squamulose, orbicular to spreading, to 10 cm diam., corticolous, muscicolous or saxicolous, with a ± conspicuous, marginal black prothallus. Squamules closely attached, entire, well-developed at margins becoming areolate-cracked centrally, ± rosette-shaped with crenate margins, to highly dissected to sublobulate, imbricate and ± loosely attached, clustered on a dense, black prothallus, occasionally ascending or ± coralloid. Upper surface pale greyish-blue to dark grey or brownish-black, smooth or slightly wavy, without isidia or soredia. Apothecia frequent, sessile, to 1.5 mm diam., solitary or confluent, disc plane, yellowish to red-brown or blackened, ± waxy, distinctly gyrose-etched, dark or ± perforate centrally, often with thalline lobules, proper margin pale, thin, thalline margin crenulate, incised or sublobulate, inflexed. Ascospores ellipsoid-ovoid 10-16 × 4-6(-9) µm wall 0.5-2 µm thick.

N: North Auckland to Wellington. S: Nelson to Southland. St: A: Very widely distributed on rocks, bark and amongst mosses in both shaded and well-lit habitats in predominantly lowland areas of high humidity.

Austral

In some 19th century accounts of New Zealand lichens, P. immixta is called Parmelia pholidota or Pannaria pholidota. It is very polymorphic, varying from highly imbricate, loosely attached squamulose forms (P. granulifera -type), to closely attached, spreading ± diffract-areolate forms (P. atrofumosa -type).