Pannoparmelia angustata (Pers.) Zahlbr.
Parmelia angustata Pers. in Gaudichaud, Voy. Uranie Bot.: 195 (1827).
P. inaequalis Taylor, Hook. Lond. J. Bot. 6: 169 (1847).
P. moniliformis Church. Bab., Fl. N.Z. 2: 287 (1855).
Anzia angustata var. hypoleucodes Müll. Arg., Bull. Soc. r. Bot. Belg. 31: 39 (1892).
A. angustata var. laxior Zahlbr., Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien math,-naturwiss. Kl. 104: 353 (1941).
Thallus suborbicular, in patches to 10 cm diam. Lobes convex, 0.5-2.0 mm wide, moderately to densely branched, linear or often constricted and moniliform, branching mainly dichotomous near margins, becoming more complex, subimbricate in older parts, margins entire, apices rounded or crenulate. Upper surface bright yellowish-green to pale yellowish-grey (shade forms), smooth, matt, often wrinkled in older parts, without isidia, maculae, pseudocyphellae or soredia. Hypothallus rather loose, spongy, to 1 mm thick, pale yellow-brown to dark red-brown or black, moniliform. Lower cortex white, shining, smooth, visible at tips of lobes and between patches of hypothallus. Rhizines occasional to frequent, stout, simple, to 0.4 mm wide and to 2 mm long, pale at margins, dark brown or black at centre of thallus, with an anchoring squarrose tuft at apex. Apothecia frequent, to 1 cm diam., pedicellate, deeply cupuliform when young, margins entire, thin, concolorous with thallus, becoming deeply cupuliform when young, margins entire, thin, concolorous with thallus, becoming deeply lacerate and flattened with age, disc imperforate, smooth, pale yellowish to dark red-brown, thalline exciple wrinkled, warted, pale at first becoming dark brown, tomentose in older fruits. Pycnidia common and often numerous at margins, red-brown to black, punctiform.
N: South Auckland (Hunua Ra.) to Wellington (York Bay). S: Nelson (Lake Rotoiti) southwards east of the Main Divide and on the west coast to Southland (Waikoau River). Mainly an epiphyte of subalpine shrubs and trees from 250-1100 m in North I., and 100-1400 m in South I. Most common in Nothofagus forests east of the Main Divide, rare or absent from wetter parts of Fiordland and Stewart I.
Australasian
P. angustata is a rather variable species and shows differences in morphology which appear to correlate with changes in microclimate and/or substrate. Individuals in full sunlight are distinctly yellow whereas shaded forms lose the pigment usnic acid in the upper cortex, and become pale greenish-grey. Pycnidia are always present on the upper surface although their numbers vary considerably. Hypothallus colour varies from pale yellow-tan to dark brown-black. It is related to P. wilsonii which appears to be its isidiate species pair, and to P. anzioides a South American species having wider lobes which are less divided and constricted, pointed apices and a thalline exciple lacking tomentum.
