Toninia bullata (Meyen & Flot.) Zahlbr.
Lecidea bullata Meyen et Flotow, Nova Acta Acad. Leopold. Carolin. 19 (Suppl.): 227 (1843).
Thallus squamulose at first, becoming lobulate-lobate-fruticose, to 20 mm tall, to 10 cm diam., terricolous or muscicolous. Lobes inflated, erect, solid or hollow, finger-like to variously branched, often closely entangled in substrate, to 2 cm tall and 4 mm wide, terete to slightly flattened. Surface smooth, or undulate-depressed, in parts indented, shining or matt, reddish-brown or blackish- brown above, pale yellowish-brown or greenish-brown below. Medulla white, arachnoid. Apothecia terminal, disc black, concave to plane with a persistent, entire to crenulate, concolorous margin, to 4 mm diam., matt or shining, epruinose. Ascospores cylindrical-fusiform, 7-septate, 50 × 5 µm. Pycnidia common, scattered on apices of lobes, immersed, black punctiform, often eroding.
S: Nelson to Fiordland. St: Alpine or subalpine, on both sides of the Main Divide. On soil or among bryophytes in drainage cracks on rocks, often associated with: Coccocarpia palmicola, Ochrolechia frigida, Parmelia signifera and Siphula decumbens.
Austral
Australian populations are discussed under the name of Bibbya muelleri (F. Wilson) J.H. Willis [Willis Vict. Nat. 73: 125-128 (1956)].
