Flora of New Zealand Series

X. parallela (Ach:Fr.) Behlen & Desberg, Naturgeschichte Beschreibung Deutsch. Forst-Kryptog.: 596 (1835).

≡Lichen parallelus Ach., Lichenogr. suec. prodr.: 23 (1799) ["1798"].

≡Stictis parallela Ach:Fr., Syst. Mycol. 2: 197 (1822).

=Xylographa abietina (Pers.) Zahlbr., Cat. lich. univ. 2 (1): 151 (1922).

≡Hysterium abietinum Pers., Observ. Mycol. 1: 31 (1796).

=Arthonia perparvula Stirt., Proc. phil. Soc. Glasgow 10: 301 (1877).

≡Xylographa perparvula (Stirt.) Müll.Arg., Bull. Herb. Boissier 2, App. 1: 76 (1894).

Arthonia perparvula. Type: New Zealand. Wellington, ad ligna vetusta, J. Buchanan – [not seen in BM or GLAM or WELT].

Description : Flora (1985: 621 – as Xylographa perparvula).

Chemistry : Thallus (directly under lirellae) K+ yellow, C−, KC−, Pd+ yellow-orange; containing stictic, constictic and norstictic (tr.) acids.

N: Wellington S: Otago. On dead or decorticated wood (fenceposts, power poles etc.). Known also from Great Britain, Europe, Scandinavia, North America and Japan (Redinger 1938; Purvis et al. 1992; Nimis 1993; Santesson 1993; Esslinger & Egan 1995; Scholz 2000; Brodo et al. 2001; Coppins 2002b; Kurokawa 2003; Nimis & Martellos 2003; Ryan 2004b; Santesson et al. 2004; Elvebakk & Bjerke 2006).

Bipolar

Illustrations : Redinger (1938: 212, fig. 52 – as Xylographa abietina var. parallela); Ozenda & Clauzade (1970: 230, figs 180, 181 – as X. abietina and var. parallela) Wirth (1987: 506); Foucard (1990: pl. 344 – as X. abietina); Lumbsch (1997b: 10, fig.3C, D; 26, fig. 12C–E; 48, fig. 28, 49, fig. 29; 53, fig. E, F – as X. abietina); Dobson (2000: 414): Brodo et al. (2001: 749, pl. 924).

Xylographa parallela is characterised by: the lignicolous habit; the pale-greyish, stain-like thallus; parallel lines of dark brown-red to black lirellae (K+ purple); ellipsoidal to oval ascospores, 11–15 × 6–7 μm; and stictic acid in the thallus.