Flora of New Zealand Series

≡Lichen cylindricus L., Sp. Pl. : 1144 (1753). [See Wei & Jiang (1993), and Jorgensen et al. (1994a 1994b)].

Description : Flora (1985: 590–591).

Chemistry : Gyrophoric (major) and lecanoric (minor) acids (Narui et al. 1996).

N: Wellington (Ruapehu, Tararua Ra.). Taranaki (Mt Taranaki). S: Nelson (St Arnaud Ra.), Marlborough (Branch River, Inland Kaikoura Ra., Mt Fyffe, Crimea Ra., Island Saddle), Westland (Fraser Peak, Hill's Peak), Canterbury (Lewis Pass, Arthur's Pass, Craigieburn Ra., Torlesse Ra., Port Hills Christchurch, Tasman Valley, Mt Peel), Otago (Rees Valley, Matukituki Valley, St Marys Ra., St Bathans Ra., Pisa Ra., Dunstan Mts, Old Man Ra., Poolburn Reservoir, Richardson Mts, Rock & Pillar Ra., Lammermoor Ra., Flagstaff, Blue Mts), Southland (Gertrude Saddle, Ailsa Mts). On nutrient-poor siliceous rocks in high-light situations, on tops of rock pavement or tops and upper sides of rock outcrops exposed to full sunlight and little shelter, commonly together with U. hyperborea, U. polyphylla and U. umbilicarioides, and associating with a community of other high-light-tolerant lichens, including Lecanora polytropa, Lecidea fuscoatrula, L. lapicida, , Pseudephebe pubescens, Usnea acromelana, U. ciliata and U. torulosa. It is a characteristic member of the alliance Umbilicarion cylindricae in the Northern Hemisphere (James et al. 1977: 374). Cosmopolitan in alpine regions being known from Great Britain, Europe, Scandinavia, Greenland, the Ukraine, Siberia, North America, the Himalaya, and Australia (including Tasmania) (Frey 1929, 1933, 1936b; Llano 1950; Purvis et al. 1992; Nimis 1993; Santesson 1993; Hansen 1995; Kondratyuk et al. 1996a; Brodo et al. 2001; Coppins 2002b; McCarthy 2003c, 2006; Nimis & Martellos 2003; Hestmark 2004; Santesson et al. 2004; Elvebakk & Bjerke 2006).

Cosmopolitan

Illustrations : Frey (1933: 323, fig. 47); Brightman & Nicholson (1966: 67, fig. 3); Henssen (1970: 109, fig. 4); Yoshimura (1974: pl. 23, fig. 201); Wilson (1978: 276, pl. 527; 1996: 354, pl. 546); Jahns (1980: 219, pl. 523); Moberg & Holmåsen (1982: 154); Thomson (1984: 448); Wirth (1987: 481; 1995b: 933); Dobson (1992: 338; 2000: 387; 2005: 436); Goward et al. (1994b: 130, fig. 23A); Valladares (1994: 498, figs 18, 19); Hansen (1995: 67); Malcolm & Galloway (1997: 158); McCune & Geiser (1997: 292); Malcolm & Malcolm (2000: 35, 64); Brodo et al. (2001: 701, pl. 860); McCarthy & Malcolm (2004: 60).

Umbilicara cylindrica is characterised by: the saxicolous habit; a monophyllous to polyphyllous thallus, 2–10 cm diam.; a grey-pruinose or maculate, smooth to slightly wrinkled upper surface; a strong development of black rhizinomorphs at the margins and on the lower surface (absent from near the umbilicus); a pale pinkish brown, smooth (not scabrid-areolate) lower surface, without thalloconidia; pedicellate, convex apothecia, 0.5–4 mm diam., with strongly gyrose discs; and broadly ellipsoidal to ovoid ascospores, (8.5–)10–13 × 5–6.5(–7) μm