Flora of New Zealand Series

Description : Flora (1985: 83).

Chemistry : Medulla K− or K+ yellowish, C−, KC−, Pd− yellowish to reddish or −; containing fumarprotocetraric acid (±) and lichesterinic and protolichesterinic acids.

S: Nelson (St Arnaud Ra., Mt Technical above Lewis Pass), Marlborough (Black Birch Ra.), Canterbury (Torlesse Ra., Mt Somers, Mt Peel, Four Peaks Ra., Mt Nimrod Hunters Hills), Otago (Humboldt Mts, Remarkables, Pisa Ra., Dunstan Mts, St Mary's Ra., Hawkdun Ra., Kakanui Mts, Old Man Ra., Umbrella Mts, Garvie Mts, Rock & Pillar Ra., Lammermoor Ra.). Among cushion or fellfield vegetation 1400–1800 m. Known also from the Snowy Mountains and Tasmania in Australia (Filson 1992; Kantvilas et al. 2002; McCarthy 2003c, 2006), in Patagonia, Tierra del Fuego and Isla de los Estados in southern South America, the Falklands Is, South Georgia, and from Mount Wilhelm in Papua New Guinea (Kärnefelt 1979: 94, fig. 50).

Austral

Illustrations : Kärnefelt (1979: 93, fig. 49A–D); Øvstedal & Lewis Smith (2001: pl. 29); Kantvilas et al. (2002: 2, 26).

Cetraria islandica ssp. antarctica differs from ssp. islandica (which occurs in Europe, northern Asia and North America) in its usually smaller and stiffer lobes, the few laminal pseudocyphellae, and the frequently abundant marginal projections.