Flora of New Zealand Series

Description : Flora (1985: 342).

Chemistry : Cortex K+ yellow; medulla K+ yellow→red, C−, KC+ red, Pd+ orange; containing atranorin, chloroatranorin, salazinic acid (major) and consalazinic acid (minor).

S: Nelson southwards to Otago (Blue Mts). St: A: On rock in subalpine to alpine grasslands, also in coastal habitats, s.l. to 2000 m. Widespread in both Hemispheres including Marion and Prince Edward Is in the subantarctic (Hale 1987; Purvis et al. 1992; Nimis 1993; Santesson 1993; Esslinger & Egan 1995; Øvstedal & Gremmen 2001; Coppins 2002b; Nash & Elix 2002d; McCarthy 2003c, 2006; Nimis & Martellos 2003; Santesson et al. 2004; Divakar et al. 2005b).

Cosmopolitan

Illustrations : Brodo (1981: 92, fig. 49); Moberg & Holmåsen (1982: 96); g. 17); Galloway & Elix (1983: 411, fig. 17); Hale (1987: 9, fig. 7F; 12, fig. 10C; 13, fig. 11B; 15. fig. 12I; 45, fig. 23B. 1995: 23; 663); Wirth (1987: 333); Hale & Cole (1988: 19, fig. 12D; pl. 7A); Vitt et al. (1988: 220); Dobson (1992: 225; 2000: 275; 2005: 303); Goward et al. (1994b: 92, fig. 2A); Hansen (1995: 47); McCune & Geiser (1997: 191); Brodo et al. (2001: 485, pl. 564); Honegger (2001: 171, fig. 5) ; Kantvilas et al. (2002: 111); Sérusiaux et al. (2004: 117).

Exsiccati : Elix (1986: No. 113).

Parmelia sulcata is characterised by: the saxicolous habit; the reticulate, laminal soralia (developing from pseudocyphellae along the lobe ridges); the richly squarrosely branched rhizines; and salazinic acid in the medulla