Signs and Measures
SIGNS AND MEASURES
| ! | seen by the author |
| = | equal to |
| + | positive reaction, a specific compound or compounds present |
| - | negative reaction, a specific compound or compounds absent |
| ± | more or less, approximately |
| > | more than, greater than |
| < | fewer than, less than |
| → | indicating a chemical reaction manifesting itself as a change in colour e.g., yellow → red. |
Metric measures are used, with the usual abbreviations. Numbers connected by the multiplication sign refer to length by breadth, the numbers enclosed in brackets indicating dimensions beyond the usual range, e.g., (15-)20-30(-35) × (4-)6-8(-10) µm.
