Flora of New Zealand Series

=Parmelia pholidota, sensu Babington (1855: 290, Pl. CXXVIIIA).

=Pannaria perfossa Stirt., Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 14: 162 (1875).

=Pannaria atrofumosa C.Knight, Trans. N. Z. Inst. 12: 367 (1880).

=Pannaria immixta var. gyrantha Nyl., Lich. Nov. Zel.: 49 (1888).

=Pannaria granulifera Müll.Arg., Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 32: 208 (1896).

Lectotype: New Zealand. Otago, East Taieri Bush, 5.xi.1861, W. Lauder Lindsay – H-NYL 31270 [fide Galloway (1985a: 334)]. Isolectotype – E.

Pannaria perfossa. Lectotype: New Zealand. Wellington. J. Buchanan 23 – WELT [fide Galloway (1985a: 334). Buchanan has written on his specimen packet " 23 (sent as Fungi) orange spots on bark. Otari Hill, Wellington. November /72. Corresponds to Pannaria immixta Nyl. also collected by Dr. Lauder Lindsay in Otago"].

Pannaria atrofumosa. Holotype: New Zealand. Wellington, C. Knight – WELT. Isotype – UPS.

Pannaria immixta var. gyrantha. Lectotype. New Zealand: Sine loco (prob. Wellington). C. Knight – H-NYL 31287 [fide Galloway (1985a: 334)].

Pannaria granulifera. Lectotype: New Zealand. Sine loco. Colenso C1652 – BM [fide Galloway (1985a: 334)].

Description : Flora (1985: 334).

Chemistry : TLC−, all reactions negative.

N: Northland (Warawara Ra., Waipoua, Herekino Forest, Little Barrier I., Great Barrier I.), Auckland (Rangitoto I., Hunua Ra.), South Auckland (Mt Moehau Coromandel Peninsula, Great Mercury I., Thames, Te Aroha, Mamaku), Gisborne (Lake Waikaremoana), Wellington (Kapiti I., Tararua Ra., Kaitoke, Otari Hill, York Bay). S: Nelson (Lake Rotoroa), Westland (Punakaiki, Waiatoto River), Marlborough (Mt Stokes, d'Urville I.), Canterbury (Mt Peel), Otago (Trotter's Gorge, Swampy Hill Dunedin, Leith Saddle, Morrison's Creek), Southland (Cleddau Valley Milford Sound, Dusky Sound, Rowallan Burn, Longwood Ra., Bluff Hill). St: (Paterson Inlet, Islet Cove, Port Pegasus). A: (Meggs Hill). Very widely distributed on rocks, bark, tree-fern brush (Cyathea medullaris), old burned stumps, on leaves, and among mosses in both shaded and well-lit habitats in predominantly lowland areas of high humidity, reaching into subalpine grassland and alpine fellfield, s.l. to 2000 m, both E and W of the Main Divide. Known also from Australia (McCarthy 2003c, 2006).

Australasian

Illustrations : Babington (1855: pl. CXXVIIIA – as Parmelia pholidota); Knight (1880: pl. XII, fig. 3 – as Pannaria atrofumosa); Jørgensen & Galloway (1992b: 269, fig. 94A); Malcolm & Galloway (1997: 117, 158); Malcolm & Malcolm (2000: 40); Lumbsch et al. (2001: 2); McCarthy & Malcolm (2004: 54); Australasian Lichenology 56 (2005: front & back covers).

Pannaria immixta is a variable species, characterised by: the corticolous habit; the blue-grey, squamulose thallus; and the pale, orange-brown, gyrose-etched apothecial discs. Forms without such gyrose-etched discs are superficially very similar to Fuscopannaria crustata (q.v.), which has more rugulose ascospores and also an amyloid apical apparatus in the ascus.