Flora of New Zealand Series

≡Parmelia fulvescens Mont., Annls Sci. nat. Bot. sér. 3, 10: 125 (1848).

=Amphinomium pannarinum Nyl., Lich. Nov. Zel.: 9 (1888).

≡Lempholemma pannarinum (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Cat. lich. univ. 3 (1): 19 (1924).

=Coriscium neozelandicum Zahlbr., Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien math.-naturwiss. Kl. 104: 257 (1941).

=Pannaria gemmascens, sensu D.J.Galloway, Fl. N. Z. Lich.: 333 (1985).

Amphinomium pannarinum. Holotype: New Zealand. Westland, Greymouth, Richard Helms – H-NYL 41725. Isotype – WU.

Coriscium neozelandicum. Lectotype: New Zealand. Auckland, Rangitoto I. on Metrosideros excelsa, H.H. Allan 54 – CHR 375742 [fide Galloway (1985a: 333)].

Description : Flora (1985: 332–333). See also Jørgensen & Galloway (1992b: 266–267).

Chemistry : Pd+ orange; containing pannarin and ursolic acid.

K: (Raoul I.). N: Northland (Three Kings Is, Te Paki, Omanaia River, Kawerua, Waipoua, Trounson's Park, Whangarei, Poor Knights Is, Great Barrier I.), Auckland (Rangitoto I.), South Auckland (Hunua Ra., Coromandel Peninsula, Thames, Te Aroha, Mangaotaki Valley King Country, Otorohanga), Wellington (York Bay). S: Nelson (Kaihoka Lakes, N of Westport), Marlborough (d'Urville I., Ship Cove, Chetwode Is), Westland (Lake Kaniere, Karangarua River, Jackson Bay). It is predominantly a lowland and often coastal corticolous species characteristic of habitats with high humidity. It is the most commonly collected species of Pannaria from coastal scrub in northern New Zealand, especially on offshore islands. It occurs rarely in clay soil and is most commonly found at forest margins and bush and scrub remnants and penetrates inland in forested or scrubby areas of high humidity to an altitude of 400 m. It is commonly collected in disturbed or successional habitats of high humidity and moderate to high light intensity often associating with other cyanobacterial taxa such as species of Coccocarpia, Degelia, Erioderma, Fuscoderma, Leioderma, Lobaria, Parmeliella, Physma, Polychidium, Pseudocyphellaria, Sticta and Wawea. Known also from Hawai'i, Tahiti, Fiji, Samoa, the Marquesas, Norfolk I., E Australia from Queensland to Tasmania. Material from E Africa named as P. fulvescens (Swinscow & Krog 1988) is referable to P. globuligera (Jørgensen 2003a: 18).

Palaeotropical

Illustration : Jørgensen & Galloway (1992b: 265, fig. 93D).

Pannaria fulvescens is characterised by: the corticolous (rarely terricolous) habit; the yellow-fawn, wrinkled upper surface; and the bluish, limbiform soralia at the margins. It is only occasionally fertile, but when it is, the discs are characteristically red-brown, with pale, gyrose-contorted bands of sterile tissue, and coarsely granular, bluish soralia at margins. The records of Pannaria gemmascens given in the Flora (Galloway 1985a: 333) all refer to P. fulvescens.