Flora of New Zealand Series

≡Sticta billardierei Delise, Mém. Soc. linn. Calvados [Normandie] 2: 99, pl. 8, fig. 35 (1825). [For typification and additional synonymy see Galloway & James (1980: 293; 1986: 432); Galloway et al. (1983: 139); Galloway (1988a: 75) and Galloway et al. (2001b: 53).]

=Sticta fossulata Dufour in Delise, Mém. Soc. linn. Calvados [Normandie] 2: 99 (1825) nom. nud.

=Sticta flotowiana Laurer, Linnaea 2: 40 (1827).

=Sticta linearis Hook.f. & Taylor, Lond. J. Bot. 3: 648 (1844).

≡Pseudocyphellaria linearis (Hook.f. & Taylor) C.W.Dodge, Nova Hedwigia19: 489 (1971) ["1970"].

=Sticta fossulata var. linearis (Hook.f. & Taylor) Linds., Trans. Linn. Soc. 25: 499 (1866).

≡Lobaria fossulata var. linearis (Hook.f. & Taylor) Hellb., Bihang K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl. 21 (3/13): 41 (1896).

=Sticta fossulata f. lacinulata Kremp., Reise Novara Bot. 1: 120 (1870).

≡Sticta billardierei var. lacinulata (Kremp.) Müll.Arg., Bull. Herb. Boissier2, App. 1: 36 (1894).

≡Lobaria billardierei var. lacinulata (Kremp.) Hellb., Bihang K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl. 21 (3/13): 41 (1896).

Sticta linearis. New Zealand. Lord Auckland's Group [Auckland Is], J.D. Hooker – BM [fide Galloway & James (1980: 298)]. Isolectotype – FH.

Sticta fossulata f. lacinulata. New Zealand. Sine loco, Jelinek – M not seen.

Descriptions : Flora (1985: 428). See also Galloway (1988a: 75–77) and Galloway et al. (2001b: 53–54).

Chemistry : Methyl evernate, tenuiorin, 2'- O -methyltenuiorin, 2',2'-di- O -methyltenuiorin, methyl gyrophorate, methyl lecanorate, gryrophoric acid (tr.), hopane-6α,22-diol (zeorin), 6α,16β-diacetoxyhopan-22-ol, 6α-acetoxyhopan-16β,22-diol, 6α-acteoxyhopan-23-oic acid, 6α,22-dihydroxyhopan-23-oic acid, norstictic, stictic, cryptostictic (tr.), constictic (tr), and 9α-acetylconstictic acid (tr.).

N: Auckland (Rangitoto) to Wellington, and from Taranaki to Waikaremoana. S: Nelson (Kaihoka Lakes) to Southland both E and W of the Main Divide. St: (Mt Anglem to Port Pegasus), A: C: [map in Galloway (1988a: 79, fig. 27)]. A common rainforest species, s.l. to 1080 m. Known also from E and S Australia and Tasmania (Galloway 1988a: 72; Galloway et al. 2001b: 54; McCarthy 2003c, 2006).

Australasian

Exsiccati : Vězda (1985: No. 2071; 1987c: No. 2166; 1997d: 3, No. 298).

Illustrations : Martin & Child (1972: 117, plate 29); Galloway & James (1986: 462–463, figs 13–B); Galloway (1988a: 75, fig. 25; 76, fig. 26); Malcolm & Malcolm (1989: 134); Malcolm & Galloway (1997: 106, 157, 163); Kantvilas & Jarman (1999: 112); Flora of Australia 58A (2001: 98, pls 33, 34).

Pseudocyphellaria billardierei is characterised by: linear-elongate, ±dichotomously branching lobes, often widely divergent at the apices; conspicuous faveolae, the interconnecting ridges strongly defined, arcuate, flat, extending across width of lobe; entire, smoothly rounded margins, thickened above and below and forming a marked ridge, and without projecting pseudocyphellae; a white medulla; a green photobiont; white pseudocyphellae on the lower surface; mainly marginal apothecia with a dark red-brown to black, epruinose disc; a yellow-brown to red-brown epithecium turning green-black in K; and a complex chemistry of hopane triterpenoids, depsides and depsidones.