Leymus arenarius (L.) Hochst.
lyme grass
Green- or blue-grey perennials, in thick tufts 60-140 cm, with long, strong rhizomes. Leaf-sheath glabrous, firmly chartaceous, shredding into fibres at maturity, cream to light brown, with chartaceous auricles to 3 mm. Ligule 0.6-1 mm, rim-like, obviously ciliate. Leaf-blade 12-75 cm × 6-12 mm, flat or involute, rigid, abaxially smooth, adaxially finely scabrid on ribs, long-narrowed to pungent tip. Culm 45-110 cm, erect or spreading, internodes glabrous. Spike 14-30 × 1.5-2 cm, stiff, erect, with paired spikelets appressed to rachis; rachis angled, margin finely hairy or glabrous. Spikelets 16-25 mm, 3-6-flowered, yellowish green. Glumes equal, ≈ spikelet, 3-5-nerved, narrow-lanceolate, rigid, abaxially with scattered fine hairs, especially on keel and towards margins near acuminate or mucronate tip, adaxially finely hairy. Lemma 13-20 mm in lower florets, upper lemmas shorter, 7-nerved, lanceolate, acuminate to mucronate, firm, abundantly silky-pubescent throughout. Palea ≈ lemma, folded, keels finely toothed, interkeel minutely silky-pubescent near apex, membranous margins of flanks contiguous, conspicuously short hairy; adaxially hairy, shortly ciliate at notched apex. Callus 0.5 mm, bearded with long hairs. Rachilla 3.5-4 mm, abundantly silky-pubescent. Lodicules 2.5-2.75 mm, ciliate. Anthers 6-7.2 mm. Gynoecium: ovary 1.5-2 mm, orange-brown, hair covered; stigma-styles 2.8-3.5 mm. Caryopsis 7-9 × 2-2.5 mm.
S.: Canterbury (Hawarden, Banks Peninsula), Otago (Lowburn, Clyde, Dunedin); Ch. On coastal sand dunes, or inland on gravels.
Naturalised from northern and western Europe.
