Flora of New Zealand Series

≡Parmelia nigrocincta Mont., Annls Sci. nat. Bot. sér. 2, 4: 91 (1835).

=Pannaria subsimilis C.Knight, Trans. N. Z. Inst. 12: 368 (1880).

=Pannaria apiculata C.Knight, Trans. N. Z. Inst. 12: 369 (1880).

≡Parmeliella apiculata (C.Knight) Müll.Arg., Bull. Herb. Boissier 2, App. 1: 44 (1894).

=Pannaria biatorina C.Knight, Trans. N. Z. Inst. 12: 369 (1880).

=Pannaria obliterans Nyl., Lich. Nov. Zel.: 50 (1888).

Pannaria subsimilis. Lectotype: New Zealand. Sine loco [probably Wellington] Charles Knight – WELT [fide Galloway (1985a: 349)].

Pannaria apiculata. Holotype: New Zealand. Sine loco [probably Wellington]. Charles Knight – WELT, Herb. Knight Vol. 30.

Pannaria biatorina. Holotype: New Zealand. Sine loco [probably Wellington]. Charles Knight – WELT, Herb. Knight Vol. 30, p. 10.

Pannaria obliterans. Holotype: New Zealand. Sine loco [probably Wellington], C. Knight – H-NYL 31190.

Description : Flora (1985: 348–349). See also Jørgensen & Galloway (1992b: 277–278).

Chemistry : TLC−, all reactions negative.

N: Northland (Three Kings Is, Te Paki) to Wellington. S: Nelson (Cobb Valley) to Fiordland. St: A: C: Very widely distributed on rocks, bark, tree-fern brush (Cyathea medullaris), old burned stumps, on leaves, and among mosses, and occasionally on leaves, in both shaded and well-lit habitats in predominantly lowland areas of high humidity, reaching into subalpine grassland and alpine fellfield, s.l. to 2000 m, both E and W of the Main Divide. Also known from SE Australia, Tasmania and southern South America (Jørgensen & Galloway 1992b; Galloway & Quilhot 1999; Lücking et al. 2003; McCarthy 2003c, 2006). The type specimen was collected from Juan Fernandez in 1830 by the Italian physician and botanist Carlo Guiseppe Bertero (1789–1831).

Austral

Illustrations : (Knight 1880: pl. XII, fig. 4 – as Pannaria apiculata; fig. 6 – as P. subsimilis; fig. 8 – as P. biatorina); Swinscow & Krog (1988: 157, fig. 80); Jørgensen & Galloway (1992b: 276, fig. 96); Kantvilas & Jarman (1999: 103); Jørgensen (2000b: 143, fig. 3A); Lücking et al. (2003: 29, fig. 6C, D); McCarthy & Malcolm (2004: 55).

Parmeliella nigrocincta is a very variable species aggregate, much in need of further close study throughout its range. Typical P. nigrocincta is distinctive, appearing somewhat crustose, of small, ±discrete squamules growing closely appressed to the substratum, producing apothecia with very broad, distinct margins. At the other end of the spectrum of variation there are specimens having squamules only loosely attached with ±ascending margins, marginally ±foliose, often producing lobules, even around the apothecia, which then have narrower margins. However, there are many intermediate forms and at present it is difficult to evaluate what is part of the genetic variation and what is ecologically induced (Jørgensen & Galloway 1992b: 277–278). Northern Andean taxa in this complex are discussed by Jørgensen (2000b).