Arthonia cinnabarina
≡Coniocarpon cinnabarinum DC. in J.B. Lamarck & A.P. de Candolle, Fl. fr. ed. 2, 3: 323 (1805).
=Arthonia tumidula (Ach.) Ach., Neues J.Bot. 1 (3): 11 (1806).
≡Spiloma tumidula Ach., Methodus: 11 (1803).
Description : Flora (1985: 13–14 – as Arthonia tumidula).
N: Auckland (Waitakere Ra.). On bark of Myoporum laetum (Bartlett 1988). Sine loco?Wellington, C.Knight (BM). It is a very variable species known from temperate and tropical regions of both Northern and Southern hemispheres including Great Britain, Europe, Scandinavia, Tibet, North America, Hawai'i, Galapagos Is, Australia (Purvis et al. 1992; Santesson 1993; Esslinger & Egan 1995; Marcano et al. 1996; Elix & McCarthy 1998; Sundin & Tehler 1998; Scholz 2000; Brodo et al. 2001; Aptroot 2002e; Coppins 2002b; McCarthy 2003c; Nimis & Martellos 2003; Obermayer 2004; Santesson et al. 2004).
Cosmopolitan
Illustrations : Ozenda & Clauzade (1970: 223, fig. 173; 224, fig. 174); Galløe (1972: p. 48, pls 36, 176); Wirth (1987: 48; 1995a: 136, fig. 23B; 1995b: 129); Coppins (1992a: 79, fig. 3A); Dobson (1992: 51; 2000: 58; 2005: 66); Thor & Arvidsson (1999: 227); Boqueras (2000: 74, fig. 7B); Brodo et al. (2001: 164, pl. 115).
Arthonia cinnabarina is characterised by: the corticolous habit; the mosaic-forming thallus; the brown to blackish apothecia that are often cinnabar-red-pruinose at margins; the brown epithecium with blotches of purple-red pigment (K+ red or purple, dissolving); and the obovate ascospores, 3–5-septate, brown at maturity, 15–26 × 5–8 μm the upper cell larger.
