Xanthoparmelia metaclystoides
≡Parmelia metaclystoides Kurok. & Filson, Bull. Natnl Sci. Mus. Tokyo, ser. B, 1: 40 (1975).
Description : Thallus adnate to tightly adnate on rock, 6–10(–12) cm diam. Lobes irregular, 0.5–2.5(–3.5) mm wide, marginal lobes subrotund, sometimes developing lobules centrally, margins black. Upper surface pale yellow-green, olive-green to blackish with age, matt, plane, emaculate, older parts wrinkled, without isidia or soredia. Lower surface pale-ivory to pale-brown, blackening at apices, moderately rhizinate. Rhizines simple, brown to black. Apothecia sessile to 7 mm diam., disc brown to dark-brown, concave to plane; thalline exciple inrolled at first to undulate. Ascospores 9–10 × 4–6 μm. Pycnidia common. Conidia bifusiform, 5–6 × 0.5 μm.
Chemistry : Cortex K−; medulla K+ yellow→dark-red, C−, Pd+ yellow-orange; containing norstictic (major), ±connorstictic, salazinic, consalazinic, ±constipatic, ±protoconstipatic and usnic acids.
S: Canterbury (Mackenzie Country), Otago (Lindis River near Cluden, Sandy King's I. near Tarras, Alexandra, Butcher's Dam). On schist rocks and outcrops. Known also from Australia (Elix et al. 1986b: 284; Elix 1994s: 262; McCarthy 2003c, 2006).
Australasian
Illustrations : Hale (1990: 146, fig. 50B); Elix (1994s: 264, fig. 100B); Kantvilas et al. (2002: 1, 207).
Xanthoparmelia metaclystoides is characterised by: the saxicolous habit; the adnate to tightly adnate lobes; subrotund lobe apices; a pale lower surface; an absence of isidia; and the presence of norstictic and ±salazinic acids in the medulla.
