Flora of New Zealand Series

34 Podetia 30-100 mm tall, often with antler-like proliferations, cortex almost completely farinose-sorediatesubulata

Podetia 20-160 mm tall, mainly simple, cortex ± continuous or areolate below, farinose-sorediate abovecornuta

LECIDEA Ach.

Studies of ascus structure should lead to a re-evaluation of Lecidea sens. lat., and it seems likely that Lecidea in the strict sense will refer to a relatively small genus of saxicolous species, with corticolous and muscicolous taxa referred to other genera (Dr J. Hafellner, Graz pers. comm.). Dr H. Hertel (Munich) is at present revising taxa in Lecidea sens. lat. Helpful discussions with him, at page proof stage, indicated changes which could be made now to the account of Lecidea, but other changes still in press, (Beih. Nova Hedwigia) cannot be incorporated in the flora at this stage.

Ten species of Lecidea should be treated as synonyms and these, together with their type citations, should be referred to other species as follows:

p. 224 L. allanii to Lecidea subcoarctata (p. 238)

p. 227 L. charadrodes to Lecidea irrubens (p. 234)

L. circumdiluens to Lecidea subcoarctata (p. 238)

p. 228 L. confoederata to Lecidea irrubens (p. 234)

p. 231 L. durietzii to Lecidella carpathica (p. 242)

p. 232 L. gallinarum to Lecidea subcoarctata (p. 238)

p. 237 L. sterilis to Lecidea leptocarpa (p. 234)

L. sticticarpa to Lecanora rupicola [see Hertel, Mitt. Bot. Munchen 19: 447 (1983)] (p. 218)

p. 238 L. subglobulata to Huilia crustulata (p. 186)

p. 240 L. suprasedens to Lecidella carpathica (p. 242)

One species is equated with a Northern Hemisphere species not previously recognised in New Zealand. The following new name should be inserted:

Replace L. dunedina (p. 231) by:

"L. plana (Lahm in Körber) Nyl., Bull. Soc. linn. Normandie sér. 2, 6: 277 (1872). Lecidella plana Lahm in Körber, Parerg. lich.: 211 (1861). Lecidea dunedina Zahlbr., Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien math.-naturwiss. Kl. 104: 301 (1941).

Two additional species are recognised for New Zealand as follows:

"L. lapicida (Ach.) Ach., Meth. Lich.: 37 (1803). Lichen lapicida Ach., Lich. suec. Prod.: 61 (1798).

Thallus tartareous, thin, areolate-cracked, pale ashy grey, on rock. Apothecia innate, to sessile, black, plane or slightly concave with a thin, prominent margin. Excipulum K+ yellow (stictic acid). Ascospores 9-13 × 4-6 µm.

S: Otago (Kyeburn). Cited in the protologue of L. dunedina Zahlbr., but referable to L. lapicida. The Abbott's Hill material of L. dunedina is referable to L. plana (Dr H. Hertel, pers. comm.)."

"L. littoralis Knight, T.N.Z.I. 8: 314 (1876).

Thallus whitish, in patches on rock. Apothecia immersed to sessile, to 4.5 mm diam., disc blue-grey-pruinose, margins conspicuously folded in older fruits. Interior part of excipulum pale yellowish-grey (fine crystals). Hymenium 90-120 µm tall. Hypothecium colourless. Ascospores 14-22 × 5.5-8.5 µm.

N: Wellington. Known only from the type collection, but probably more widely distributed on coastal rocks.

Type: New Zealand. Wellington. Charles Knight, BM."

L. triangularis should be removed from synonymy under L. sterilis (p. 237) and described as follows:

"L. triangularis H. Magn., Sv. Bot. Tidskr. 37: 284 (1943).

Thallus thin, whitish to disappearing, on rock. Apothecia to 1 mm diam., black, scattered, marginate, constricted at base. Hymenium 30-55 µm tall. Hypothecium brown-black. Medulla I-. Ascospores 10-13 × 2.5-3.5 µm.

S: Otago (Cromwell on roadside rocks). Growing with Lecidella carpathica, Candelariella vitellina and Polysporina simplex.

Type: New Zealand. Otago, Cromwell on rocks near railway station. G. Einar and Greta Du Rietz, 17 March, 1927, 2178a: 9 S!".

Dr H. Hertel (pers. comm.) further indicated that L. demersa (p. 230) might well be placed in a separate genus within the Lecanoraceae; that L. hybrida (p. 233) is probably not a true Lecidea, but its present position is obscure; and that L. subcoarctata (p. 238) is better included in Lecanora. Recently, also, L. pahiensis (p. 235) has been transferred by Dr Hertel to Tylothallia P. James et Kilias, as Tylothallia pahiensis (Zahlbr.) Hertel et Kilias, Mitt. Bot. München 19: 446 (1983).

A revised key to the saxicolous species of Lecidea is presented. (continued from couplet 17 on p. 222)

18 On basic rocks (limestone), thallus white to grey-white, hypothecium dark brown to brown-black (species resembles Rhizocarpon umbilicatum)hybrida

On acid rocks19

19 Hypothecium colourless20

Hypothecium pale brown to dark brown-black25

20 Thallus and/or excipulum C+ orange or KC+ orange21

Thallus and excipulum not C+ orange or KC+ orange22

21 At least some of the spores 2-celled, conidia tiny, ellipsoid (3-4 × 1.7-2 µm)pahiensis (Tylothallia)

All spores simple, conidia filiform (15-25 × 1 µm)subcoarctata (? Lecanora)

22 Thallus ± bullate or inflated, squamulose-diffractsubtenebrosa

Thallus areolate-cracked23

23 Epithecium P+ orange-red, excipulum rather reduced, apothecia semi-immersed to immerseddemersa

Epithecium P-24

24 Spores small (11-13 × 4-6 µm), not halonate, with plasma-bridges, hymenium 35-50 µm tall, apothecial disc epruinoseplana

Spores larger (12-22 × 5-8.5 µm, halonate, without plasma-bridges, hymenium 10-120 µm tall, apothecial disc pruinoselittoralis

25 Medulla I+ violet or dark blue26

Medulla I- or obscure bluish30

26 Hypothecium pale brown, thallus cretaceous never glossy27

Hypothecium black-brown to almost black, thallus ± glossy29

27 Thallus yellow or yellow-whitecoromandelica

Thallus grey or grey-white28

28 Apothecia semi-immersed, excipulum rather reduced (probably an extreme growth form of the following species)vexillaris

Apothecia sessile, excipulum well-developed, K+ yellow (stictic acid)lapicida

29 Thallus K-, hymenium 35-50 µm tall, pale reddish-violet, epithecium K-fuscoatrula

Thallus K+ yellow T red (norstictic acid), hymenium 55-80 µm tall, epithecium conspicuously K+ blue-violetpsephota

30 Thallus K+irrubens

Thallus K-31

31 Spores narrow, oblong 10-13 × 2.5-3.5 µm, hymenium 30-45 µm talltriangularis

Spores ± ellipsoid32

32 Apothecia to 0.4 mm diam., immarginate, hypothecium K+ reddish-violet (often weak), hymenium 30-40 µm tallchalybeiza

Apothecia at least 1 mm diam., often more (at least young ones) with a well-developed margin, hymenium taller than 40 µm33

33 Spores 3-5.5(-6) µm wideblastenoides

Spores 5.5-9 µm wide34

34 Thallus effuse or lacking, apothecial margins excluded at maturitytararuensis

Thallus persistent, apothecial margins persistent35

35 Apothecial disc often etched, excipulum with a rather thick, black cortex (50-80% of total width of excipulum)leptocarpa

Apothecial disc smooth, excipulum with a ± thin, black cortex (20% of total width of excipulum)thomsonii

LECIDELLA Körber

The cosmopolitan species Lecidella stigmatea (Ach.) Hertel et Leuckert is regarded as occurring in New Zealand and Lecidea imitatrix (p. 233) has been equated with it. The description of L. imitatrix should be transferred to Lecidella and the citation should read:

"L. stigmatea (Ach.) Hertel et Leuckert, Willdenowia 5: 375 (1969). Lecidea stigmatea Ach., Lich. Univ.: 161 (1810). L. imitatrix Zahlbr., Denkschr. Acad. Wiss. Wien math.-naturwiss. Kl. 104: 303 (1941)."

Lecidella stigmatea is a very polymorphic and widespread species. Further studies are needed, however, to decide whether Lecidea imitatrix is truly a synonym or in fact a very closely related species (H. Hertel, pers. comm.).

Dr Hertel [Mitt. Bot. München 19: 441-447 (1983)] has transferred two New Zealand species of Lecidea to Lecidella.

The description of Lecidea schistiseda (p. 236) should be transferred to Lecidella and the citation should read:

"L. schistiseda (Zahlbr.) Hertel, Mitt. Bot. München 19: 443 (1983). Lecidea schistiseda Zahlbr., Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien math.-naturwiss. Kl. 104: 300 (1941)."

The description of Lecidea sublapicida (p. 239) should be transferred to Lecidella and the citation should read:

"L. sublapicida (Knight) Hertel, Mitt. Bot. München: 446 (1983). Lecidea sublapicida Knight, T.N.Z.I. 8: 316 (1876)."

A new key to Lecidella species is provided.

1 Corticolous or lignicolous, thallus C+ orange-red (often weak or C-)elaeochroma

Saxicolous2

2 Hypothecium browncarpathica

Hypothecium colourless3

3 Wide inner unpigmented part of excipulum inspersed with fine crystals (polarised light) and appearing pale yellow-grey or pale brown (becoming colourless, transparent in K), epilithic thallus very thin to disappearingsublapicida

Wide inner unpigmented part of excipulum colourless and transparent, without crystals4

4 Spores narrowly ellipsoid, (10.5-)13.5-17 × (3.5-)4.3-5 µm, thallus C+ yellow (xanthones) but often weak, K+ yellowschistiseda

Spores broadly ellipsoid, (11-)15-18 X (6-)8.5-11 µm, thallus C-, K- (or pale yellow)stigmatea

RINODINA (Ach.) S. F. Gray

The account of Rinodina was received after the first part of text was at page proof stage. Three species accorded specific rank in Buellia (pp. 44-53) are referred by Mayrhofer to species of Rinodina as follows:

p. 49 Buellia litoralis to Rinodina lecideina (p. 513)

p. 50 Buellia nitrophila and B. otagensis to Rinodina otagensis (p. 514)