Cladonia enantia Nyl.
C. enantia f. dilatata Vainio, Acta Soc. Faun. Fl. fenn. 10: 38 (1894).
Lectotype: New Zealand. Sine loco (prob. Wellington). Charles Knight 204, 1867, H-NYL 38740!
C. enantia f. dilatata. Holotype: Nova Zelandia, Sine loco. Charles Knight 1873, ex Herb. Arnold, TUR 18600!
Primary squamules persistent, large, 2-5(-10) mm long and 1-5 mm wide, cuneate to sublinear, margins crenate-ragged, sinuate, irregularly laciniate-pectinate, flat or convex, ascending, aggregated or crowded-caespitose, upper surface whitish-glaucescent or pale olive-yellowish-glaucescent. Lower surface white, brown-black at base, esorediate, or margins and lower surface farinose-sorediate. Podetia arising from margins and upper surface of primary squamules, 3-12(-17) mm tall, 0.4-0.5 mm diam., subcylindrical or angular, without cups, terminated by apothecia, simple or fastigiate-branched, branches suberect, laterally fissured, fissures striate, often aggregated, erect, corticate, not, or rarely squamulose, axils open or closed. Cortex areolate-verrucose, areolae continuous or dispersed, 0.1-0.5 mm wide, esorediate, opaque, impellucid, whitish-glaucuescent. Apothecia at tips of podetia, often supported on short, cartilaginous stalks, rarely at margins of squamules 0.8-4.0 mm diam., solitary, entire or lobate-perforate, subpeltate, at first plane and marginate, soon becoming convex, glomerulate and immarginate, pale to dark brown, red-brown or brown-black. Chemistry: Cortex K+ faint yellow, C-, KC-, Pd+ red. Fumarprotocetraric, succinprotocetraric and protocetraric acids and atranorin (tr.).
N: Throughout. S: Nelson to Southland (Longwood Ra.). On soil in forests east and west of Main Divide, on roadside banks, in Leptospermum heath and on coastal banks. Primary squamules often well-developed in coastal, northern habitats.
Australasian
C. enantia is often found sterile, the clumps or mats of primary squamules being referred in earlier accounts of New Zealand lichens to C. foliacea or C. foliacea var. alcicornis or to C. cariosa, or C. subcariosa. It differs chemically from C. neozelandica, its podetia are shorter, less fissured, not squamulose ribbed-striate and it has multiple fastigiate-branched apices with convex black fruits. In addition the primary squamules are larger, more crenate-ragged than those of C. neozelandica.
