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Volume I (1961) - Flora of New Zealand Indigenous Tracheophyta - Psilopsida, Lycopsida, Filicopsida, Gymnospermae, Dicotyledons
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Filicopsida

FILICOPSIDA

KEY TO GENERA

Key

1
Plants heterosporous; aquatic or subaquatic
2
Plants isosporous; terrestrial, rupestral or epiphytic
3
2
Plants free-floating on water-surface; lvs minute, imbricating
AZOLLA
Plants rooted in substratum; lvs linear, distant
PILULARIA
3
Plants high-climbing by means of twining rhachides; fertile pinnae many times dichotomously divided
LYGODIUM
Plants not climbing, or if so then by rhizomes; fertile pinnae not dichotomously divided
4
4
Stipes dividing into an adaxial fertile portion and an abaxial sterile portion; vernation straight
5
Stipes not so dividing; vernation circinate
6
5
Sterile portion simple, entire; fertile unbranched
OPHIOGLOSSUM
Sterile and fertile portions pinnate to dissected
BOTRYCHIUM
6
Sporangia arranged in synangia; stipes with large basal pair of stipule-like organs
MARATTIA
Sporangia not so arranged; stipes without large basal pair of stipule-like organs
7
7
Lamina not much wider than the simple, forked, or dichotomously divided stipes; pinnae close-set, linear; sporangia not collected into distinct sori
SCHIZAEA
Lamina and stipes not answering to the above description
8
8
Stipes dichotomously divided; laminae pseudodichotomously divided; final rhachides pinnately divided; sori of 2-12 exindusiate sporangia radiating around receptacle
GLEICHENIA
Stipes, etc., not bearing the above characters in common
9
9
Fertile and sterile laminae markedly different
BLECHNUM
Fertile and sterile laminae not or but little different
10
10
Plant with distinct caudex, forming a short to very long "trunk"
11
Plant without a distinct trunk-forming caudex
19
11
Lamina simply pinnate or pinnatifid
12
Lamina 2-3-4 pinnate or compound
13
12
Sporangia protected by reflexed margin of frond
BLECHNUM
Sporangia not so protected, exindusiate
THELYPTERIS
13
Caudex tall, erect, up to 3 m. or more tall
14
Caudex short, erect or prostrate, not over 2 m. long
15
14
Sori protected by reflexed marginal lobes, and by a true indusium
DICKSONIA
Sori not thus protected; true indusium present or absent
CYATHEA
15
Caudex erect
16
Caudex prostrate
18
16
Sporangia not collected into distinct sori, not protected by reflexed margin of lamina
TODEA
Sporangia collected into distinct sori, protected by reflexed margin of lamina
17
17
Lamina not over 5 dm. long; sori protected by reflexed margin of lamina, but without true indusium
BLECHNUM
Lamina much longer; sori protected by true indusium as well as by reflexed margin of lamina
DICKSONIA
18
Lamina coriac.; true indusium present
DICKSONIA
Lamina membranous; true indusium absent
CYATHEA
19
Indusium ovate-deltoid, delicate, attached by broad base, soon reflexed; stipites slender, tufted; lamina delicate, pale green; pinnules toothed or lobed
CYSTOPTERIS
Indusium, if present, otherwise; plant not possessing all above characters in common
20
20
Rhizome short, forming an erect or oblique stock; fronds tufted
21
Rhizome long, creeping, fronds distributed along edges
44
21
Indusium absent; sori not protected by reflexed margin of lamina
22
Indusium present and/or sori protected by reflexed margin of lamina
31
22
Plant large, fronds 40-66 cm. long or more
23
Plant smaller, fronds much shorter
25
23
Lamina pinnate
THELYPTERIS
Lamina 2-3-pinnate or compound
24
24
Sporangia not collected into distinct sori
TODEA
Sporangia collected into distinct sori
POLYSTICHUM
25
Lamina simple, entire
26
Lamina pinnatifid to pinnate or compound
27
26
Veins anastomosing; fronds mostly over 15 cm. long
ANARTHROPTERIS
Veins free; fronds mostly under 10 cm. long
GRAMMITIS
27
Under surface, at least, of lamina, bearing woolly hairs
28
Under surface of lamina glab., or very nearly so
29
28
Sori dorsal, not protected by margin of lamina
PLEUROSORUS
Sori marginal, somewhat protected by reflexed margin of lamina
CHEILANTHES
29
Lamina simply pinnate
GRAMMITIS
Lamina 2-3-pinnate
30
30
Sori not protected by lamina margin; fronds annual
ANOGRAMMA
Sori somewhat protected by lamina margin; fronds perennial
CHEILANTHES
31
True indusium cup-shaped to urceolate or tubular
32
True indusium not so shaped or absent
33
32
Indusium cup-shaped, distinctly 2-valved; receptacle us. not or hardly exserted, rarely long-exserted
HYMENOPHYLLUM
Indusium urceolate to tubular, entire or obscurely toothed, 2-lipped; receptacle always exserted
TRICHOMANES
33
Sporangia protected by reflexed margin of lamina; true indusium present or absent
34
Sporangia not so protected, but with true indusium
37
34
True indusium delicate
LINDSAEA
True indusium absent
35
35
Fronds 6 dm. or more long
PTERIS
Fronds not over 3 dm. Long
36
36
Pinnules dimidiate-oblong; lower margin entire, upper margin crenately toothed or lobed
ADIANTUM
Pinnules or final segs not as above
CHEILANTHES
37
Sori and indusia of orbicular to reniform order
38
Sori and indusia of oblong to elongate order
42
38
Lamina simply pinnate
39
Lamina 2-3-pinnate or pinnatifid
40
39
Stipes jointed to rhizome; veins free
NEPHROLEPIS
Stipes not jointed to rhizome; lower veinlets of lobe uniting at tips with those of adjoining lobe
THELYPTERIS
40
Lower veinlets of lamina lobe uniting at tips with those of adjoining lobe; lobes obscure
THELYPTERIS
Lower veinlets of lobes free; lobes acute to acuminate
41
41
Indusia reniform, with distinct sinus
CTENITIS
Indusia orbicular, without sinus
POLYSTICHUM
42
Sori parallel to midvein of pinna
DOODIA
Sori oblique to midvein of pinnae or pinnules
43
43
Indusium elongate, not inflated, straight or nearly so
ASPLENIUM
Indusium short, oblong, inflated, us. slightly curved
ATHYRIUM
44
Indusium cup-shaped to urceolate or lenticular
45
Indusium otherwise or absent
48
45
Lamina distinctly coriac.
46
Lamina very thin and membr., delicate
47
46
Receptacle exserted; sporangia with complete, oblique annulus
LOXOMA
Receptacle not exserted; sporangia with incomplete, vertical annulus
DAVALLIA
47
Indusium cup-shaped, distinctly 2-valved; receptacle us. not exserted
HYMENOPHYLLUM
Indusium urceolate to tubular, entire or slightly 2-lipped; receptacle exserted
TRICHOMANES
48
Indusium absent
49
Indusium present
55
49
Fronds all simple
50
Fronds, at least some, pinnatifid to pinnate or irregularly divided
52
50
Lower surface of lamina densely clad in stellate hairs
PYRROSIA
Lower surface of lamina glab. or nearly so
51
51
Veins hidden; lamina rather thick and fleshy
ANARTHROPTERIS
Veins very evident; lamina thin, not fleshy
PHYMATODES
52
Lamina simply pinnate
53
Lamina pinnatifid to irregularly cut to compound (Some simple laminae may also be present)
54
53
Sori continuous, protected by reflexed margin of lamina
PELLAEA
Sori discrete, rather distant, unprotected
ARTHROPTERIS
54
Veins reticulately anastomosing; lamina regularly or irregularly pinnatifid to pinnate; ultimate segs not minute; sori unprotected
PHYMATODES
Veins free; lamina 2-3-pinnate; ultimate segs minute, sori protected by lamina margin, or not
HYPOLEPIS
55
Sori marginal or submarginal, often protected by reflexed margin of lamina
56
Sori dorsal; indusium orbicular, to oval or reniform, not protected by margin of lamina
62
56
Sori on under surface of reflexed margin
ADIANTUM
Sori not so placed
57
57
True indusium present
58
True indusium absent
60
58
Plants not over 5 dm. tall; pinnules rounded
LINDSAEA
Plants well over 5 dm. tall; pinnules elongate
59
59
Stipes rough, glandular; rhachis zigzag; spores bilateral
Stipes smooth, not glandular; rhachis straight; spores tetrahedral
PTERIDIUM
60
Fronds simply pinnate
PELLAEA
Fronds 2-4-pinnate
61
61
Sori globose, lamina not bluish-green
HYPOLEPIS
Sori linear, lamina us. bluish-green
HISTIOPTERIS
62
Indusium attached by base, sides free, jagged
LEPTOLEPIA
Indusium otherwise
63
63
Indusium cordate-reniform
THELYPTERIS
Indusium orbicular
64
64
Lamina thick, fleshy; final segs obtuse; veins conspicuous
RUMOHRA
Lamina coriac. to membr., not fleshy; final segs acute or acuminate; veins less evident
65
65
Stipes pubescent or villous near lamina
CTENITIS
Stipes hispid or glab. near lamina
RUMOHRA (POLYSTICHOPSIS)
Fig. 1. FILICOPSIDA. Sori. Marattia : synangium, the two halves spread to show openings of ten sporangia. Gleichenia : exindusiate sorus of four sporangia. Dicksonia : lobe of pinnule with sorus and indusium. Cyathea : sorus with cup-shaped indusium. Lindsaea : sorus protected by lamina-margin and very similar indusium. Doodia : sorus and indusium. Pteris : exindusiate sorus protected by lamina-margin. Nephrolepis : indusium. Polystichum : sorus with peltate indusium. Arthropteris : exindusiate sorus. Rumohra : sorus and peltate indusium. Asplenium : linear sorus and indusium. © All rights reserved. [Image: 4X0R]
Fig. 1. FILICOPSIDA. Sori. Marattia : synangium, the two halves spread to show openings of ten sporangia. Gleichenia : exindusiate sorus of four sporangia. Dicksonia : lobe of pinnule with sorus and indusium. Cyathea : sorus with cup-shaped indusium. Lindsaea : sorus protected by lamina-margin and very similar indusium. Doodia : sorus and indusium. Pteris : exindusiate sorus protected by lamina-margin. Nephrolepis : indusium. Polystichum : sorus with peltate indusium. Arthropteris : exindusiate sorus. Rumohra : sorus and peltate indusium. Asplenium : linear sorus and indusium. © All rights reserved. [Image: 4X0R]
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