Flora of New Zealand Series

Follow by

"A second edition of Hutchinson's 'The Families of Flowering Plants', published in 1959, incorporates two main changes in volume 1: (a) The fundamentally woody subphylum, the LIGNOSAE, and the fundamentally herbaceous subphylum, the HERBACEAE, are now completely separated in linear sequence; (b) the sympetalous (gamopetalous) families are distributed amongst their presumed nearest relations, either with or without petals. The result is a considerable change in the sequence of orders, the LIGNOSAE preceding the HERBACEAE. Changes in placing of families in orders affect N.Z. groups as follows:

LIGNOSAE : Into ARALIALES  Cornaceae and Araliaceae from UMBELLALES, Caprifoliaceae from RUBIALES; into MALPIGHIALES  Linaceae from GERANIALES; into BIGNONIALES  Bignoniaceae from PERSONALES; into VERBENALES  Verbenaceae (including Avicenniaceae) from LAMIALES.

HERBACEAE : Into SAXIFRAGALES  Donatiaceae from CAMPANULALES; into GOODENIALES  Goodeniaceae and Stylidiaceae from CAMPANULALES; into POLEMONIALES  Cuscutaceae from SOLANALES. The genus Mitrasacme previously placed in Loganiaceae, appears in Spigeliaceae."

Follow by

"Tmesipteris fowerakeri Barber in Vict. Nat., Melb. 71, 1954, 98, fig. 2. 'Stems medium size (20-40 cm.);. leaves 1-2 cm. long, oblong, 4 times as long as broad, usually broadest just below midpoint and tapering towards stem, apex truncate mucronate; sporangium triangular, pointed, 2-3 times as long as broad, 3-3·5 mm. long; spores 75-80 mic. long; sporophytic chromosome number 204-210. Habitats: Longwood Range (Type) and Westland, South Island, New Zealand. Type in Herb. Univ. Tasm.' It is not clear whether all N.Z. plants should be referred to this sp.; stems, lvs and sporangia are often larger than the dimensions given, but spores (Harris, 1955, 47) show a wider range and are often smaller."

Follow by

"L. saururus Lam. Encycl. 3, 1789, 653 is recorded on Macquarie Id by Taylor (Rep. Aust. nat. antarct. Res. Exped. Ser. B. 2, 1955, 156). This plant bearing ∞ bulbils amongst the lvs was doubtfully placed in L. varium by Cheeseman (Sci. Rep. Aust. antarct. Exped. 1911-1914 Ser. C, 7, 1919, 40) and was discussed and figured by Holloway (T.N.Z.I. 51, 1919, 167-168, t.9, fig. 2B). Nessel (Bärlappgewächse p.80) states that U. saururus is easily recognized by its long upright stems and uniform lanceolate yellow-green foliage."

Follow by

"S. asperula N. A. Wakefield in Vict. Nat., Melb. 59, 1942, 89 is listed by Brownlie (T.R.S.N.Z. 87, 1959, 197) as a 'new name' for the plant treated as S. bifida Willd. in Dobbie and Crookes N.Z. Ferns 1951, 30. Wakefield's key is: Fronds undivided, bifid or dichotomous, barren fronds present, all stems rough - S. asperula; fronds undivided or bifid, all fronds fertile except on young plants, all stalks smooth - S. bifida. The type locality of S. asperula is in Victoria (Vict. Nat. Melb. 70, 1953, 9-10). Wakefield does not quote either Willdenow's original description or the type specimen of S. bifida, apparently basing his determination on the descriptions of Swartz (Syn. Fil. 1806) and of Bentham (Fl. Australiensis 7, 1877), neither of which mentions the characters used to differentiate S. asperula. A more precise comparison seems desirable before adopting any name change. In N.Z. plants examined roughness due to minute stiff hairs is evident above the lowest fork (as it is in S. dichotoma) but often extends only a little below that level; sterile lvs are absent on many plants and where present are sts associated with evidence of abnormal growth. Small plants bearing only 2-3 sterile lvs and no fertile ones appear to be young.

"Undivided fronds of N.Z. S. bifida can be distinguished from S. fistulosa by the following features: stipes flattened with prominent nerve and thick narrow wing; fertile portion rarely > 2 × length of its segs; fertile segs narrow with margin entire except near tip, midrib and margin bearing ∞ long very slender unicellular hairs; sporangia pale, < 0·5 mm. long, us. 10-20 or more in each row. In contrast S. fistulosa has almost terete stipes; fertile portion us. c. 4 × length of its segs which are relatively broad with pinnately lobed margin, the lobes sts terminating in slightly elongated cells; long slender hairs absent; sporangia dark, often > 0·5 mm. long, often < 8 in each row."

Follow by

"Brownlie (T.R.S.N.Z. 85, 1958, 214) records differences in chromosome number and size: 'Individual bivalents of Gleichenia circinata [n=20] are several times larger than those of Sticherus cunninghamii [n=34]'; chromosomes of 'local Dicranopteris linearis' are 'similar in size to those of Sticherus. Christensen (Bull. Bishop Mus., Honolulu 177, 1943, 10) says of Dicranopteris : 'A small genus differing from all other groups of the family in possessing hairs instead of scales'."

After "37°." Add "S. Takaka, R. I. Kingsley, 1892, V. M. Scott, 1955". (Gleichenia flabellata)

For "425" read "428"

For "fimbriate to laciniate scales" read "bristly hairs" (Gleichenia linearis)

After "Mecodium" add "Presl emend."

Follow by

"H. aucklandicum [? author] of which Copeland had the type material in hand could not be distinguished from a small H. demissum."

After "49." insert "H. frankliniae Col. in Tasm. J. nat. Sci. 1, 1842, 378."

After "343." insert "Crepidopteris endlicheriana (Presl) Cop. loc. cit. 58."

For "Meth." read "Mett."

To read

"1.  Anarthropteris lanceolata (J. Smith) L. B. Moore comb. nov.   Polypodium attenuatum A. Rich. Essai Fl. N.Z. 1832, 62 non R.Br. Prodr. 1810, 146. Dictyopteris lanceolata J. Smith in Hook. J. Bot. 4, 1841, 64. Dictymia lanceolata J. Smith in Bot. Mag. 72 Comp. 1846, 16. Polypodium dictyopteris Mett. in Ann. Sci. nat. Sér. 4, 15, 1861, 77. P. cunninghamii Hook. Sp. Fil. 5, 1864, 58. Loxogramme dictyopteris (Mett.) Cop. in Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 14, 1929, 369. Anarthropteris dictyopteris (Mett.) Cop. Gen. Fil. 1947, 218."

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"The epithet lanceolata is not available in Loxogramme because of the earlier homonym L. lanceolata (Swartz) Presl 1836 but in Anarthropteris it can hardly be rejected for the reason given by Copeland that Dictyopteris lanceolata J. Smith was 'based on an unpublished Grammitis lanceolata Cunn., non Swartz'."

After "Waikaremoana" insert "; Tararua Range, A. P. Druce" (Phymatodes novae-zelandiae)

Add "C. heterophylla (Labill.) Tindale in Amer. Fern J. 41. 1951, 97."

Add "Recorded in Victoria by J. H. Willis in Viet. Nat., Melb. 60, 1944, 173." (Thelypteris pennigera)

After "Ching" insert "in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Peking Bot. Ser. 8, 1938, 206" (Cyclosorus dentatus)

Follow by

"For his P. nymphale Forster gives only the locality 'Nova Zeelandia' and there is a Forster specimen so labelled at K (Brownlie T.R.S.N.Z. 87, 1959, 197). Considering the very restricted distribution in N.Z. (Far North at Kaitaia and Rangaunu Harbour; thermal springs near Waiotapu and Wairakei) it seems quite possible that the specimens examined by Forster were collected elsewhere and labelled in error. The specific name has been widely applied to Pacific plants as by Copeland (Bull. Bishop Mus., Honolulu 59. 1929, 46 for Fiji; ibid. 93, 1932, 39 for Society Is) and by Christensen (ibid. 177, 1943, 87 for Samoa) but its relationship to P. parasiticum L. (type locality in southern China) and to P. dentatum Forsk. (type locality in mountains of southwestern Arabia) has not been fully clarified. The combination Cyclosorus nymphalis (Forst.f.) Ching was published in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Peking Bot. Ser. 10, 1941, 247 but Copeland (J. Arnold Arbor. 30, 1949, 438) says 'its distinctness from C. parasiticus (L.) Farwell and C. dentatus (Forsk.) Ching is uncertain'."

For "Fan." read "Fan Mem." (Thelypteris uliginosa)

For "345" read "342"; after "6." add "Dryopteris uliginosa (Kunze) Christen. Ind. Fil. Suppl. 3, 1934, 100."

Follow by

"N. A. Wakefield (Vict. Nat., Melb. 72, 1956, 159) recognizes two forms. One which he refers to H. rugosula (Labill.) Sm. 'occurs in both New Zealand and Australia; it has larger, broader fronds; its vestiture is sparse and of larger hairs; the rhachises have large red tubercles; and the sori are somewhat protected by a reflexed lobe'. Of the other he says: 'the stipes and larger rhachises dark purple and bearing some large and many small reddish hairs; the leaflets are invested with numerous, small, erect, bristly hairs on both surfaces and usually on the margins too; the sori are unprotected. Apparently the whole plant is often quite viscid. The species is confined to New Zealand'; this he refers to H. rufobarbata (Col.) N. A. Wakefield, giving as synonym Polypodium viscidum Col. non Roxb. (1816). Colenso's description of P. rufobarbatum includes 'plant . . . wholly covered with long and stout red and shining jointed and moniliform hairs . . . stipes . . . and rhachis . . . red, shining'."

For "var." read "Var."

For "10-15 × 2-3 cm." read "10-15 cm. × 2-3 mm."

To read

"2.  L. trichomanoides Dryand. in Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 3, 1797, 43. Adiantum cuneatum Forst.f. Prodr. 1786, 84. L. cuneata (Forst.f.) Christen. Ind. Fil. 1905, 25 non L. cuneata Willd. 1810."

For "171." read "174. Stenoloma viride (Col.) Christen. Ind. Fil. Suppl. 3, 1934, 174. Sphenomeris viridis (Col.) Brownlie in T.R.S.N.Z. 87, 1959, 197." (Lindsaea viridis)

Add "See also Brownlie loc. cit. 1959, 196." (Lindsaea microphylla)

Follow by

"Kramer (Acta bot. neerl. 6, 1957, 103-106) discusses Sphenomeris Maxon 1913, of which the type sp. comes from Florida, and recommends a revision of the genus and especially a comparison with strongly dissected forms of Tapeinidium Christen. 1906, mostly from New Caledonia. In view of his expressed doubts (136-137) about the relationships of L. viridis the N.Z. spp. might well be retained in Lindsaea until more information is available."

After "79." add "Polypodium cordifolium L. Sp. Pl. 2, 1753, 1089." (Nephrolepis cordifolia)

For "1834" read " 1839" (Histiopteris)

For "352" read "295" (H. incisa)

To read

" Var. aucklandicum (Hook.f.) Allan comb. nov.   A. flaccidum var. " (A. lucidum var. aucklandicum)

Add "A. lucidum var. scleroprium (Homb. et Jacq.) Moore Ind. Fil. 1859, 142."

Follow by

"Brownlie (T.R.S.N.Z. 87, 1959, 197) records that 'Asplenium d'urvillei Mett. Kuhn Linn. 36, 95, 1869' is A. lucidum. Type locality: Bay of Islands. Type: Berlin."

Add "Type locality: 'Nova Zeelandia'." (Asplenium obtusatum)

For "t.1.f.B." read "t.1, fig.B." (A. obtusatum)

Follow by

" 'A. apice-dentatum Homb. et Jacq. Voy. au Pôle Sud (1852) Crypt. t.1A' is listed by Cheeseman (Man. N.Z. Fl. 1925, 48) under A. lucidum var. obliquum.

"A. obtusatum var. integrifolium Szyszyl. in Wawra et Günther Itin. princ. S. Coburgi 1888, 122, based on N.Z., probably Auckland, specimens, seems to have been ignored by later workers."

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"Brownlie (T.R.S.N.Z. 85, 1958, 215) gives the chromosome numbers A. lucidum n = 72, var. lyallii and A. anomodum n = 144 and suggests 'that A. anomodum with its recognized restriction to limestone is merely a form of A. lucidum var. lyallii and that both are separate from A. lucidum . . . ' The name A. lyallii (Hook.f.) Moore 1859 would take precedence over A. anomodum Col. 1883."

After "Var. colensoi" insert "(Hook.f.)" (Asplenium hookerianum var.)

For "rutaefolius" read "rutifolius" (Pleurosorus)

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"Tindale (Vict. Nat., Melb. 73, 1957, 169-170) records for P. rutifolius type locality: Derwent, Tasmania; holotype: BM; isotypes: K. Laminal hairs are recorded as non-glandular. A closely related but larger plant with gland-tipped hairs on lamina, rhachis and stipes is placed as P. subglandulosus (Hook. et Grev.) Tindale. In N.Z. plants examined the laminal hairs are not gland-tipped."

After "Kirk" insert "; Takaka, V. M. Scott, 1954" (Doodia media)

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"Brownlie (T.R.S.N.Z. 87, 1959, 197) records that 'Lomariopsis hugelii Presl Epim. Bot. 263, 1849' was based on a specimen collected in N.Z. by Hugel and this proved, on examination, to be typical B. filiforme.

"Lomaria propinqua A. Cunn. in Compan. bot. Mag. 2, 1837, 364 is listed by Cheeseman (Man. N.Z. Fl. 1925, 60) in the synonymy of B. filiforme. Type locality: 'Humid forests at Wangaroa, where it climbs the trunks of the smaller trees.' "

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"B. colensoi (Hook.f.) N. A. Wakefield in Vict. Nat., Melb. 72, 1956, 159. Wakefield in making this combination points out that N.Z. plant differs from B. patersonii (type locality: Tasmania) in broader pinnae of thicker texture, and in interrupted not continuous wing on stipes; his other point of difference, that the fronds are always pinnate, is not valid as Hooker's t. 627-628 show '1. Sterile undivided frond; 2. sterile pinnatifid one; 3. fertile frond'. The original records for L. colensoi are: 'N.Z. Port Nicholson: J. T. Bidwill, Esq. In deep woods near the Lake Waikare, W. Colenso, Esq.' "

Follow by

"Lomaria procera var. flagelliformis Szyszyl. in Wawra et Günther Itin. princ. S. Coburgi 1888, 121, based on N.Z., probably Auckland, specimens, seems to have been ignored by later workers."

For "2, 1846, 176" read "1, 1842, 376" (Lomaria linearis)

For "Mason" read "Maxon" (Struthiopteris penna-marina)

Follow by

"Of L. distans Col.  Brownlie (T.R.S.N.Z. 87, 1959, 196) says: 'An isotype of Colenso's species held at Kew appears to be nothing more than a form of Blechnum penna-marina with more distant pinnae that is usual'. He quotes as a synonym B. hillii Christen. Ind. Fil. 1906, 155."

For "2, 1846, 176" read "1, 1842, 375" (L. nigra)

To read " Tasm. J. nat. Sci. 1, 1842, 376. L. deflexa Col. in Tasm. J. nat. Sci. 2, 1844, 178. L." (L. deltoides)

Add "L. alternans Col. in T.N.Z.I. 28, 1895, 616. Blechnum alternans (Col.) Christen. Ind. Fil. 1905, 150."

For "2, 1846, 179" read "1, 1842, 377" (L. rotundifolia)

Delete "f."

For " Handbk N.Z. Fl. 1864, 375. " read " Sp. Fil. 4, 1862, 22." (Aspidium aculeatum var. vestitum)

Follow by

"Aspidium wawraeanum Szyszyl. in Wawra et Günther Itin. princ. S. Coburgi 1888, 126, t. 15, based on a type from Waitemata, N.Z., is said to differ from A. richardi in "mehr gedrangte, fast volkommen stumpfe, ganzrandige Fiederblättchen'. The figure resembles P. richardii."

After "Fil. 2," insert "1858," (Aspidium cystostegia)

Follow by

"Tindale in Vict. Nat., Melb. 73, 1957 makes the following new combinations under Lastreopsis Ching in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Peking Bot. Ser. 8, 1938, 157 affecting spp. from both Ctenitis and Rumohra : L. microsora (Endl.) Tindale loc. cit. 181 (see below); L. hispida (Swartz) Tindale loc. cit. 183; L. decomposita (R.Br.) Tindale loc. cit. 183 (distribution given only as Australia); L. glabella (A. Cunn.) Tindale loc. cit. 183; L. velutina (A. Rich.) Tindale loc. cit. 184. L. microsora is based on Nephrodium microsorum Endl. Prodr. Fl. Norflk 1833, 9 and the specimen preferred as type is one collected in Australia. Tindale had 'not seen any material similar to [the type] except from the mainland of Australia' but includes Colenso's Nephrodium pentangularum in the synonymy with the comment 'a New Zealand form with slightly smaller ultimate segments of the frond'. Brownlie (T.R.S.N.Z. 87, 1959. 198) goes further in listing L. microsora as the equivalent of the Ctenitis decomposita of the 1951 edition of Dobbie.

"Tindale says: 'All of the [26] species listed below have the thickened leaf-edge (even if it is not very prominent as in one of the New Zealand species [L. velutina]), but the major diagnostic feature of Lastreopsis is the configuration of the upper surface of the main rhachis. Each of the two prominent ridges of the main rhachis is continuous with the leaf-edge, whereas in the closely allied genera Polystichopsis and Ctenitis, each ridge, if present, is not continuous with the leaf-edge but in some cases either runs towards the centre of the pinnule or by-passes the leaf-segment altogether.' "

To read "1834, t. 9. Aspidium cunninghamii Col. in Tasm. J. nat. Sci. 1, 1842, 379. A. cunninghamianum Col. in Tasm. J. nat. Sci. 2,"

For "1846" read "1844"

Add "Lastreopsis hispida (Swartz) Tindale in Vict. Nat., Melb. 73, 1957, 183."

For "1934, 5." read "1934, 50." (Rumohra aristata)

After "Hooker" add "( Fl. Tasm. 2, 1860, 136, t. 166)" (Cystopteris fragilis var. tasmanica)

Follow by

"Brownlie (T.R.S.N.Z. 85, 1958, 215) points out that Athyrium australe with n = 123 'is in line with the base number of 41 for Diplazium' whereas Athyrium is constant with a base number of 40, and suggests that 'it would be better to regard the New Zealand fern as a Diplazium' but no such combination is quoted."

For " Gen. Fil. 1947, 146" read "in P hilipp. J. Sci. 3C, 1908, 290" (Athyrium japonicum)

For " Syn. Fil. 1806, 124" read "in Schrad. J. Bot. (1800) 2, 1801, 82" (Adiantum hispidulum)

After "88" insert "non R. Br. Prodr. 1810" (A. formosum)

After "tenuifolia" insert "(Burman)"; after "332." add "Trichomanes tenuifolium Burman Fl. Ind. 1768, 237." (Cheilanthes)

To read "4. MARSILEALES"

Follow by

" Var. gracilis Kirk in T.N.Z.I. 17, 1885, 224 is from Stewart Id. Cockayne (Rep. Bot. Surv. St. Id 1909, 17) says: 'in Stewart Island the actual adult stage is not everywhere met with, and juvenile trees of open-leaved character bear cones abundantly. To this form Kirk gave the varietal name of gracilis'." (Dacrydium intermedium)

After "forest." add "Kaikawaka," (Libocedrus bidwillii)

For "May" read "71," (Pseudowintera axillaris)

For "May" read "71," (P. colorata)

Add "Pseudowintera axillaris var. colorata (Raoul) A. C. Smith in J. Arnold Arbor. 24, 1943, 158."

For "May" read "71," (P. traversii)

For "Tarairi" read "Taraire" (Beilschmiedia tarairi)

For "1789" read "1791" (Litsea)

After "Moir" insert "; Mt. Sibbold, Godley Valley, 2400 m., S. Barker, 3 Jan. 1955, with fl." (Ranunculus grahamii)

For "inciso-crenate," read "inciso-crenate;"

"7 Unfolding lflts and young branchlets densely tomentose to pubescent-pilose8

Unfolding lflts and young branchlets almost or quite glab.9

8 Lflts coriac.; peduncles stout; sepals tomentose, of ovate order3. foetida

Lflts membr.; peduncles slender; sepals ± pubescent, of oblong order4. parviflora

9 Lflts crenate to lobed6. hookeriana

Lflts entire or at most with 1-2 blunt lateral lobes7. petriei"

For "rutaefolia" read "rutifolia (Hook.f.)" (Clematis australis var. )

For "cm." read "mm." (C. marata ?)

"3 Seeds in 1 row; rootstock us. slender4

Seeds in 2 rows, sts irregularly so; rootstock stout5"

"5 Cots incumbent; pod short, length rarely > 1·5 cm., us. < 6 × width3. PACHYCLADON

Cots accumbent; pod long, length rarely < 3 cm., us. > 10 × width5. CHEESEMANIA"

For "mm." read "cm."; for "8" read "3" (Lepidium oleraceum)

For "uni-" read "uni- to" (L. tenuicaule)

For "one row" read "two rows" (Pachycladon)

"1 Lf-margins crenate; lamina-hairs simple2. crenata

Lf-margins pinnatifid to subentire; lamina-hairs stellate or forked, sts almost absent1. novae-zelandiae"

Follow by

"2.  P. crenata W. R. Philipson in T.R.S.N.Z. 84, 1957, 497, fig.

Tapering rootstock bearing dense rosette of lvs. Radical lvs to 3 cm. long with simple strigose hairs especially on margins; lamina obovate, c.12 × 7 mm., coarsely crenate, obtuse, narrowed into broad flat petiole of about equal length. Cauline lvs few, smaller, cuneate to lanceolate, dentate. Peduncles many, axillary, to 5 cm. long with 3-5 fls. Sepals equal, c.4 mm. long; petals c.6 mm. long, obovate-spathulate. Pod c. 12 × 2.5 mm., valves obscurely keeled, septum perfect. Seeds c. 10-12 per locule.

DIST.: S. Fiordland. Rock crevices in mountains. FL.-FT. 12-1. Type locality: 'Above source of Adams Burn, 5,000 ft'. Type: CM, W. R. Philipson, Jan. 29, 1953."

Follow by

"Pritchard (T.R.S.N.Z. 85, 1957, 75-89) regards C. debilis as specifically distinct from C. hirsuta and recognizes 3 forest vars of the former ('Glossy leaf', 'Long style' and 'Narrow petal') but gives no formal names owing to the difficulty in relating these to the vars of Schulz. Plants from stony and sandy places about Cook Strait are referred to C. corymbosa. Eighteen alpine 'races' mentioned, 5 from N. and 13 from S., are not allocated firmly to any spp. Two from N. ('Tussock Race' and 'Scree Race') 'seem from morphological, ecological and geographical evidence to be quite distinct species'. C. bilobata is 'distinguishable from all other forms by leaf shape' but in floral and fruit characters closely resembles other alpine types."

Add "Taylor (Rep. Aust. nat. antarct. Res. Exped. Ser.B, 2, 1955, 110) reports failure to find this sp. and concludes that it 'should be removed from the list of Macquarie Island species, as suggested by Cheeseman (1919)'." (Cardamine subcarnosa)

Follow by

"Court (Vict. Nat., Melb. 74, 1957, 12) compared a specimen, collected at Greymouth, N.Z., by R. Helms and evidently part of the type of T. helmsii Kirk, with typical Victorian specimens of Crassula recurva (Hook.f.) Ostenf. 1918 (non C. recurva N. E. Brown 1890) and found no specific differences between the two. If this is confirmed T. helmsii falls into synonymy under T. recurva Hook.f. Fl. Tasm. 1, 1856, 146."

Follow by

"Healy (T.R.S.N.Z. 77, 1948, 176) reports that in a series of N.Z. specimens determined as T. sieberiana every fl. examined had 4 linear-clavate nectary scales. He queries whether the N.Z. plant is correctly placed in this sp."

Follow by

"D. propinqua R. Cunn. ex A. Cunn. in Ann. nat. Hist. 4, 1840, 109 is said to differ from D. spathulata principally in more terete, few-fld scape and quite glab. calyx. Type locality: 'In boggy grounds in the vicinity of the Keri-Keri river, Bay of Islands, 1833. R. Cunningham.' "

Follow by

"S. media var. salina Kirk Stud. Fl. 1899, 63 appears to be a var. nov. not a synonym of S. salina Presl; the description is: 'Pedicels equalling the foliaceous bracts. Seeds smooth. Dog Island, Foveaux Strait, T.K.' A specimen in W has seeds without margins."

Follow by

"At Temple Basin, above Arthur Pass, C. canaliculatus approaching the North Id form is distinct from the C. buchananii of that area."

After "Druce)" insert ", Kaweka Range, A. P. Druce" (Colobanthus acicularis)

For "Ruahine Range" read "Kaweka, Kaimanawa, Ruahine and Tararua Ranges" (C. strictus)

Follow by

"In N. W. Ruahine Range S. uniflorus forms mossy patches in tussock grassland while S. biflorus grows on rock ledges to an altitude of 1200 m."

For "234" read "236" (Muehlenbeckia adpressa)

After "1854," insert "212" (Alternanthera sessilis)

To read "4. SUAEDA Scopoli, 1777"

For "McKay" read "MacKay"

For "chathamica" read "chathamicum" (Linum monogynum var. )

Follow by

"H. caprae Chiovenda et A. Vaccari in Atti Soc. Nat. Mat. Modena 64, 1933, 146, fig. 1-7 is described as an annual herb with smooth terete stems 15-25 cm. tall; lvs linear to linear-lanceolate, 1·2-3 cm. × 0·8-5 mm., with 2-4 narrow distant teeth on each margin; fls in axillary clusters, mostly trimerous, styles 2. Type locality: Kumara, Westland, N.Z. Type: Univ. Modena, G. Capra 20 April, 1909. Said to be nearest to H. trigonocarpa F. Muell. The lvs illustrated could be matched on some plants in the H. erecta group from Wairarapa or Hawke's Bay, but not from Westland. The fl. structure seems quite anomalous for Haloragis."

For "Teeth" read "Lamina" (Gunnera)

For "Teeth" read "Lamina"

After "Ch." insert ", M." (Myriophyllum elatinoides)

Add "Recorded by Taylor (Rep. Aust. nat. antarct. Res. Exped. Ser.B, 2, 1955, 123) on M. growing 'in lakes, pools and streams but is never found below 300 feet elevation'; no fls, frs or aerial shoots were found."

Add "junceum, pubens." (Epilobium)

For "densly" read "densely"

For "35" read "36"

Delete

For "43" read "45"

Delete

Follow by

"E. nummularifolium var. brevipes Hook.f. Fl. N.Z. 1, 1852, 58. Lvs thick, coriac., with recurved margins; peduncles short at fruiting; capsule puberulous. No locality is mentioned in Fl. N.Z. but in the Handbook Hooker gives 'dry places, Cape Palliser, Colenso'; it is reported from K that none of the Colenso syntypes was localized on the sheets. Haussknecht placed this with E. microphyllum 'nach den Exemplaren in Hb. Kew' but this determination is open to doubt."

For "E. pedunculare var. minimum" read "E. nummularifolium var. minimum"

Delete "rather thin," (E. findlayi)

for "BD 52438, H. Wenham" read "BD 49606, J. F. Findlay"

Follow by

"Epilobium erubescens var. suberecta Kirk Stud. Fl. 1899, 175. 'Stems crowded, simple, decumbent at the base and woody; stolons more numerous. Leaves densely crowded, rather broader than in the type, often subimbricate; truncate, apiculate or retuse when young. Rimutaka Range, T.K.'"

Follow by

"Brockie (T.R.S.N.Z. 87, 1959, 189-194) reports on breeding systems in N.Z. spp. of Epilobium, and concludes that all, except possibly two with exceptionally large fls, are very predominantly self-fertilized and that the amount of gene exchange in natural populations is probably very small. Results of experiments showing that many spp. are interfertile have not yet been published."

Follow by

"A revision of the genus (Callitriche in New Zealand and Australia by R. Mason in Aust. J. Bot. 7, 1959, 293-327) allows some amendments to be made."

"1 Fr. broader than long2

Fr. not broader than long5

2 Lvs rhomboidal, apiculate, us. with a single tooth on either side; wing ⅓ width of mericarp1. muelleri

Lvs not as above; wing if present < ⅓ width of mericarp3

3 Lvs thin; anthers 0·3-0·5 mm. broad, filaments not tapering4. petriei

Lvs fleshy; anthers 0·5-1·5 mm. broad, filaments tapering from broad base4

4 Fr. rounded on edge, commissural groove narrow and shallow3. antarctica

Fr. keeled, winged, commissural groove wide, deep and sharp3a. aucklandica

5 Lower, earlier lvs 1-nerved, linear* hamulata

Lower, earlier lvs 3-nerved, linear-spathulate to spathulate6

6 Upper, later lvs 3-nerved, sts with free veins; bracts rare or absent3. antarctica

Upper, later lvs 3-7-nerved, no free veins; bracts conspicuous7

7 Fr. round, > 1 mm. diam., conspicuously and evenly winged all round2. *stagnalis

Fr. < 1 mm. long, winged at top only* heterophylla"

For "C. antarctica" read "C. aucklandica"

For "St., Ch. Lowland still waters and mud throughout." read "north of lat. 42°. Typically a terrestrial sp. of damp soil and places subject to occ. inundation." (C. muelleri)

For "12-3." read "10-5. The most common amphibious Callitriche in N.Z., probably introduced." (C. stagnalis)

Delete and substitute

"3.  C. antarctica Engelm. ex Hegel. in Verh. bot. Ver. Brandenb. 9, 1867, 20.

"Stems thick, creeping below with ascending branches to 10 cm. high. Lvs spathulate, thick, 2.5-10 × 1.5-4.8 mm., 3-nerved, sts with free veins, the base scarious and connate. Fls solitary, ♂ in upper, ♀ in lower axils, ebracteate or bracts falling early. Filaments to 1.3 cm. long, tapering from broad base. Fr. 0.85-1.1 × 1.1-1.5 mm., not keeled or winged; commissural groove open and shallow.

DIST.: Principally C. but also from A. Records from Sn. and M. doubtful. Apparently terrestrial or palustral. FL. 10-11. FT. 11-3. Type locality:? Also in 'Antarctic America, Kerguelen's Land' and perhaps other subantarctic islands and Tasmania.

"3a.  C. aucklandica R. Mason in Aust. J. Bot. 7, 1959, 314, fig. 7, 7A.

"Stems creeping with lax, ± sprawling branches 2-10 cm. long, to 20 cm. when submersed. Lvs on broad membr. connate petioles; lamina thick, 3.7-8 × 1.2-4 mm., spathulate. Fls solitary or sts 2 together, ebracteate. Filaments to 9 mm. long, tapering from broad base. Fr. 1.1 × 1.2-1.3 mm., with narrow membr. wing; commissural groove fairly wide, deep and sharp.

DIST.: A. Terrestrial on peat, either in open or in shade of shrubs and tussock. FL. 10. FT. 11-3. Type locality: Auckland Id. Type: BD 89341, J. B. Hair, Nov. 1954."

For "sp. nov." read "in Aust. J. Bot. 7, 1959, 314, fig. 8, 8A."

Follow by

" Subsp. petriei.

"Dioec. Lvs 1.1-5 mm. long. Fr. 0.6-0.7 × 0.7-0.9 mm.

DIST.: N., S. South of lat. 36° 30'. Us. on wet ground, sts submersed. FL. 11-1. FT. 1-2

" Subsp. chathamensis R. Mason loc. cit. 317, fig. 8A (h).

"Monoec. Lvs 2.5-8 mm. long. Fr. 0.6-0.9 × 0.7-1.1 mm.

DIST.: Ch. FT. 1-2. Type locality: Tupuangi Lagoon, Pitt Id. Type: W, B. G. Hamlin 692.

"Lvs of C. petriei us. differ from those of C. stagnalis in being smaller and more delicate, the larger often with short, sts branched, free side veins."

Before "Allan" insert "(Petrie)" (Coriaria lurida var. undulata)

After "Plateau" insert "; Ball's Clearing, Puketitiri, N. L. Elder"; after "Pass" insert "; Gouland Downs, W. B. Brockie; Lake Rotoiti, Nelson, and Hooker Valley, L. B. Moore" (Pittosporum anomalum)

After "uncertain." add "Extends at least to N.W. Nelson (Gouland Downs, W. B. Brockie) and Buller (Mt. Augustus, R. Mason and N. T. Moar)." (P. crassicaule)

After "Plateau" insert "; Ball's Clearing, Puketitiri, N. L. Elder" (P. divaricatum)

For "scandens" read "fulgens" (Metrosideros)

For "scandens" read "fulgens"

Follow by

"M. robusta var. retusa Kirk Stud. Fl. 1899, 162 is of uncertain status. The description is: Lvs < 2.5 cm. long, coriac., broadly elliptic, ovate, rounded at both ends, retuse. Cymes very broad. Petals narrow. Lowry Bay, Port Nicholson, T.K. It may be noted that lvs of M. robusta are typically minutely retuse."

Add "Metrosideros lucida (Forst.f.) A. Rich. Essai Fl. N.Z. 1832, 333."

After "Id." add "Little Barrier Id, I. A. E. Atkinson, 1959." (M. parkinsonii)

To read

"6.  M. fulgens Sol. ex Gaertn. Fruct. 1, 1788, 172, t. 34, f. 7. Leptospermum scandens J. R. et G. Forst. Char. Gen. Pl. 1776, 72, t. 36. Metrosideros florida Smith in Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 3, 1797, 269. M. scandens (J. R. et G. Forst.) Druce 1917 non Sol. ex Gaertn. 1788."

[Melaleuca florida Forst. f. Prodr. 1786, 37 is illegitimate because superfluous, Forster having quoted Leptospermum scandens as a synonym.]

For "P, 113" read "Type locality: near Totaranui. Type: BM." (M. fulgens)

For "scandens" read "fulgens"

For "scandens" read "fulgens"

For "M." read "Metrosideros"

For "72" read "172" (M. albiflora)

To read

"10.  M. diffusa (Forst. f.) Smith in Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 3, 1797, 268 excl. descr. et syn. Linn. f.  Melaleuca diffusa Forst. f. Prodr. 1786, 37. Metrosideros hypericifolia A. Cunn. in Ann. nat. Hist. 3, 1839, 114 non Salisb. Prodr. 1796, 351."

Add "Sarothra graminea (Forst. f.) Y. Kimura in Nakai et Honda, Nov. Fl. Jap. 10, 1951, 232." (Hypericum gramineum)

Add "Sarothra japonica (Thunb.) Y. Kimura in Nakai et Honda, Nov. Fl. Jap. 10, 1951, 235." (H. japonicum)

For "1784" read "1786" (Aristotelia)

Follow by

"Philippodendrum regium Poit. in Ann. Sci. nat. Ser. 2, 8, 1837, 184, t. 3 is given in Ind. Kew. as a synonym of P. betulinus. No details are available about the type."

For "nov. Spec." read "Spec. nov."

For "nov. Spec." read "Spec. nov."

For "nov. Spec." read "Spec. nov."

For "nov. Spec." read "Spec. nov."

After "anserinifolia" insert ", one of them called A. ovina var. ambigua by Kirk Stud. Fl. 1899, 132."

Follow by

"The following validly published Acaena names based on N.Z. plants are not taken up in this text:

"A. depressa Kirk in T.N.Z.I. 9, 1877, 548. A. microphylla var. depressa Kirk Stud. Fl. 1899, 134. Original localities: Cardrona Valley; Lake Hawea, Otago.

"A. microphylla var. pauciglochidiata Bitter in Bibl. bot., Stuttgart 74, 1911, 289. Type locality: Near Invercargill, Petrie.

"A. buchananii subsp. longissimefilamentosa Bitter in Fedde Repert. Spec. nov. Regn. veg. 10, 1912, 499. Type locality: Colac Dunes, Southland. Type: L. Cockayne no. 640.

"A. fissistipula var. rubristigma Bitter loc. cit. 1912, 495. Type locality: Starvation Gully, Mt. Torlesse Range, altitude 840 m. Type: L. Cockayne, 1893.

"A. huttoni R. Br. ter. in T.N.Z.I. 16, 1884, 382 is Poterium sanguisorba according to Kirk Stud. Fl. 135."

After "S.," insert "St.," (Potentilla anserinoides)

Follow by

"The name G. alpinum Buchan. in T.N.Z.I. 19, 1887, 216, given to an obscure form with minute yellow fls, is illegitimate as there are at least two earlier homonyms."

Follow by

"H. F. Hursthouse of Blenheim reports that C. stevensonii seed gave rise to a plant with more slender furrowed stems; N. glabrescens flowering in the same garden within c. 12 m. is considered to be the pollen parent. The hybrid was grown away from other brooms and produced ∞ pods 13 × 5 mm., dark coloured, villous with rather sparse white hairs, and each containing c. 4 seeds (BD 87509 fl., 17.12.1958; BD 87510 fr., 22.1.1959). From this seed W. B. Brockie has small plants which at first bore trifoliolate lvs; at one year old they have terete branches to 30 cm. long and shortly white-pubescent all over, 5 seedlings being dull grey while the sixth, though otherwise similar, is quite green and slightly less pubescent. Compare remarks on hybridism, p. 397."

Midway between "below" and "2" insert "4. solandri" (Nothofagus)

For "5." read "Var."

For "4." read "Var."

To read

" Var. cliffortioides (Hook. f.) Poole in T.R.S.N.Z. 85, 1958, 563. N. cliffortioides (Hook. f.) Oerst. loc. cit.  Fagus cliffortioides Hook. f. Ic. Pl. 1844, t. 673."

For "Ckn. in T.N.Z.I. 43, 1911, 172." read "Krasser in Ann. nat. Hofmus., Wien 11, 1896, 163." (N. apiculata)

Follow by

"Poole (T.R.S.N.Z. 85, 1958, 551-564) reduced cliffortioides to a var. of solandri because lvs 'in populations throughout the range of the supposed species revealed a transition in most characters' and fls and frs also showed no good differentiating characters ( T.R.S.N.Z. 78, 1950, 363-380)."

For "Jaquin" read "Jacquin"

Follow by

"Beddie (Bull. Wellington bot. Soc. 30, 1958, 12-14, fig.) records fr. on twigs with juvenile and semi-juvenile lvs." (Pennantia corymbosa)

Follow by

"S. uniflora Col. in T.N.Z.I. 18, 1886, 258 is said to differ in 'its flowers being always solitary, its adpressed calyx with serrulate lobes and its glabrous anthers. On open spots, banks of the River Manawatu, County of Waipawa: November, 1884: Mr Henry Hill.'" (Stackhousia)

Add "Fagerlind (Svensk bot. Tidskr. 53, 1959, 257-282) and Ram (Phytomorphology 9, 1959, 4-19) report studies of fl.-development indicating that Exocarpus really belongs within Santalales."

Follow by

"Philipson (T.R.S.N.Z. 87, 1959, 1) records roots of E. bidwillii with haustoria on Helichrysum selago but remarks that the range of hosts must be wide."

For "M." read "Santalum mida Hook. Ic. Pl. 1843, t. 563, 575. S. cunninghamii Hook. f. Fl. N.Z. 1, 1854, 223. Mida"

After "cunninghamii" insert "(Hook. f.)"

Follow by

"Philipson (T.R.S.N.Z. 87, 1959, 2) records M. salicifolia parasitic on roots of Agathis australis; he states 'It seems probable that Mida will . . . parasitise a number of hosts.'"

Delete "his"

Delete "his"

After "order)" insert ", both vars attributed to Bentham Fl. Aust. 1, 1863, 476" (Dodonaea viscosa)

Follow by

"Authors who take a wider generic circumscription for Corokia include spp. from Rapa Id, Lord Howe Id and New South Wales. L. S. Smith (Proc. roy. Soc. Qd 69, 1958, 53-55) places the extended genus in Saxifragaceae  subfam. Escallonioideae, so following Engler."

For "Korokia" read "Korokio" (C. buddleioides)

For "lvs" read "lflts" (Hydrocotyle)

After "membr.," insert "lobes"

For "352" read "652"

Follow by

"'Crantzia lineata' is listed by both Cheeseman and Cockayne for Stewart Id but the sp. has not been more precisely determined." (Lilaeopsis)

For "ELONGATAE" read "ACIPHYLLA"

To read "Midrib of lflts less stout, neither orange nor golden yellow, if red then plant rather lax ....... 40"

After "Oliver" add "(loc. cit. 9)" (Aciphylla lyallii)

Follow by

"Hooker (Fl. N.Z. 1, 1853, 88) named, without adequate descriptions, var. angustifolia and var. latifolia.

"Oliver (loc. cit. 13, 14) gives under both A. squarrosa and A. glaucescens the localities Mt. Hikurangi and Mt. Maungapohatu. A. P. Druce reports that on field evidence he can recognise only one entity of the A. squarrosa complex on these two mountains, and suggests that the same specimens (Moore and Cranwell, A) may have been accidentally listed under both spp. The specimens at A certainly do not adequately confirm the records."

Follow by

"In 1909 Cheeseman (Subantarct. Is N.Z. 2, 408) wrote in favour of reviving Hooker's genus Anisotome and in 1911 Cockayne and Laing (T.N.Z.I. 43, 367) transferred some spp. but many of the names used by later writers did not meet the requirements for formal new combinations until the publication of Cheeseman's Manual in 1925."

Follow by

"Of G. antipoda var. ciliata Hook. f. Fl. N.Z. 1, 1853, 161  Burtt and Hill (loc. cit. 626) say: 'No specimens exist at Kew or the British Museum, but it is probably very close to G. depressa'."

Follow by

"G. rupestris var. humilis Simpson in T.R.S.N.Z. 79, 1952, 423. Type locality: Flagstaff Hill, Dunedin, herbfield at 500-1,000 m. altitude. Type: BD 93594, Geo. Simpson, October 1949. In most respects the type resembles G. crassa but the plant is recorded as 'spreading along the ground or erect to 15-20 cm. high'. Compare remarks on G. crassa × depressa on p. 513."

Follow by

"P. pumila is listed by Buchanan (T.N.Z.I. 7, 1875, 337) from Chatham Is and Richards ( The Chatham Islands 1952) says 'Found only on the highest point of the southern cliffs'. No specimens have been seen."

After "juniperina" insert ", C. fraseri" (Cyathodes)

Follow by

"Godley (Nature, Lond. 180, 1957, 284) records C. colensoi as dioec. with ♂ > ♀ and reports finding in C. juniperina and in C. fasciculata two kinds of fls borne respectively on fruiting and non-fruiting plants."

For "1838" read "1839" (Leucopogon nesophilus)

For "A. Cunningham" read "C. Fraser" (Cyathodes fraseri)

After "long." add "Bracts ∞, imbricating, ovate, acute." (Epacris pauciflora)

After "Augustus" insert "and from Mt. Perry, Gouland Downs" (Dracophyllum densum)

For "slighty" read "slightly"

Before "42°" insert "lat."

After "S." add "Toro." (Myrsine salicina)

Follow by

"Myrsine salicina Hew. was mentioned in a note in Hook. Lond. J. Bot. 1, 1842, 283 and the name Suttonia salicina was used in a note in Fl. antarct. 1, 1844, 52. The plant was described under 'Suttonia salicina Hook. fil. (Myrsine salicina Heward Mss)' in Fl. N.Z. 1, 1854, 172 and figured in t. 44. In the Handbook 1864 the name used is 'M. salicina Heward, mss.'"

Add "M. richardiana Endl. in Ann. Wien Mus. 1, 1836, 171 is sts listed as a synonym of M. urvillei"

Johnson (Contr. N.S.W. Herb. 7, 1957, 395-418), in a review of the Family Oleaceae, revives the genus Gymnelaea Spach which "bears little resemblance to Olea and there seems no reason, other than tradition, for associating the apetalous species with that genus". Differences from Olea are: Corolla-lobes imbricate in bud (or fls apetalous); infl. a simple raceme (sts 2 or more racemes in each axil); bifid stigma; absence of lepidote indumentum and frequent presence of hairy indumentum. Adopting Gymnelaea involves the following alterations in text.

To read

"GYMNELAEA (Endl.) Spach, 1839

Infls reduced racemose-cymose, bracts small, slender. Fls perfect or unisexual. Calyx ± deeply 4-fid; corolla ± gamopetalous or lacking, tube very short to moderately long, lobes 4, ovate or orbicular, imbricate; stamens 2 (rarely 4), filaments adnate to corolla or (in apetalous spp.) hypogynous. Ovary 2-loculed, style short, stigma ± 2-lobed; fr. drupaceous. Trees or tall shrubs; branches glab. or rarely pubescent; lvs simple, entire, glab, or rarely pubescent, venation us. rather obscure. About 12 spp., chiefly in N.Z. and New Caledonia but also in Hawaii, Norfolk Id and S.E. Australia. Type sp.: G. apetala."

Delete "Old World spp."

Delete

For "258). O." read "G."

To read

"1.  G. apetala (Vahl) L. Johnson in Contr. N.S.W. Herb. 7, 1957, 412. Olea apetala Vahl Symb. bot. 3, 1794, 3."

To read

"2.  G. cunninghamii (Hook. f.) L. Johnson loc. cit. 412. Olea apetala A. Cunn. in Ann. nat. Hist. 2, 1839, 46 non Vahl loc. cit.  O. cunninghamii Hook. f. Fl. N.Z. 1, 1854, 175."

To read

"3.  G. lanceolata (Hook. f.) L. Johnson loc. cit. 412. Olea lanceolata Hook. f. Fl. N.Z. 1, 1854, 176."

for "O." read "G."

To read

"4.  G. montana (Hook. f.) L. Johnson loc. cit. 413. Olea montana Hook. f. Fl. N.Z. 1, 1854, 176, t. 46A, B."

Delete "lf-" (Parsonsia capsularis var. rosea)

For "Rotundifoliae" read "Microcoprosma" (Coprosma)

For "Lucidae" read "Coprosma"

For "red" read "orange" (C. pumila)

For "W." read "W," (C. wallii)

Follow by

"The lf-dimensions quoted above from Oliver are larger than those given by Cheeseman in his original description and in Manual 1925, 862. Lvs of smaller size are quite common, alone or mixed with large ones." (C. tenuifolia)

After "left." insert "Cheeseman in T.N.Z.I. 19, 1887, 240 made the combination C. rhamnoides var. divaricata but"

Follow by

"Published varietal names probably based on hybrids include: C. baueri var. oblongifolia Kirk Stud. Fl. 1899, 232; C. robusta var. angustata and var. parva Kirk Stud. Fl. 1899, 233; C. tenuicaulis var. major Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. 1906, 252."

After "C." add "Ch. N. T. Moar, 1959." (Nertera depressa)

For "Vall." read "Val."

For "Florets white," read "Florets white or yellow," (Compositae)

For "C. radicata" read "B. radicata"

Add "Buchanan in T.N.Z.I. 19, 1887, 216 refers to 'Three Kings Mountain, 5000 feet altitude' and in W there is a specimen labelled 'Pachycladon novae-zelandiae, Three Kings, 6000 ft., Otago'." (B. sinclairii)

After "margins." add "Ray-florets with small, narrow, revolute ligules." (Lagenophora petiolata)

For "HERBACEAE" read "CELMISIA"

Delete "long"

After "narrow-obovate" add ", 6-15 mm. wide" (Olearia)

After "order" add ", us. < 6 mm. wide"

For "Ohiro" read "Ohura" (Olearia thomsonii)

Add "A. P. Druce reports as common on sandstone beside streams in north Taranaki, January, 1960."

Follow by (Cotula)

"Edgar (T.R.S.N.Z. 85, 1958, 371) presents tables showing an arrangement based primarily on stem-anatomy of 19 N.Z. spp. of subgenus Leptinella :

Group I. Number of vascular bundles in internode 8; floret-colour various but not yellow-green; predominantly monoec. (spp. wholly or partly dioec. marked *); inclined to be patch-forming; only one known in N.: 3. featherstonii, 4. renwickii, 5. plumosa, 6. lanata, 7. atrata, 8. goyenii, 12. filiformis, 14. haastii, 15. maniototo, 17. pectinata, 18. willcoxii, 19. pyrethrifolia *, 23. linearifolia *.

Group II. Number of vascular bundles in internode 4; floret-colour yellow-green; monoec. or dioec. (dioec. spp. marked *); inclined to be turf-forming; includes 3 spp. widespread in N.: 9. potentillina, 10. traillii, 11. minor, 20. squalida *, 21. perpusilla *, 24. dioica *."

Follow by

"Edgar loc. cit. 373 found gynomonoec. and monoec. spp. examined to be self-fertile but these, like the dioec. spp., may be cross-fertilized and there is good evidence of insect pollination. No examples of apomixis were found." (Cotula)

line 20: For "Radiatae" read "Raoulia"

For "18/3/48" read "13/3/49"

For "solandri" read "rufiglandulosus" (Senecio)

For "solandri" read "rufiglandulosus"

For "C." read "S."

Ornduff (T.R.S.N.Z. 88, 1960, 63-77), on the basis of experimental and morphological studies, makes "considerable realignment of taxonomic boundaries" in the Senecio lautus complex. Australian forms are excluded from the limits of S. lautus which, already sensu latissimo, is considered as endemic to N.Z. Photographs of experimental plants growing in pots are presented and chromosome counts are recorded for most of the taxa treated, including n = 40 for S. radiolatus. The new arrangement of entities previously grouped under S. lautus and S. glaucophyllus is as follows:

9.  S. lautus Sol. ex Willd. Sp. Pl. 3, 1804, 1981.

Subsp. lautus. S. neglectus A. Rich. Essai Fl. N.Z. 1832, 258.

Much-branched, glab. to villous short-lived herb; branches prostrate to ascending, 15-35 cm. long, lfy throughout, often purplish. Lower lvs lanceolate-ovate, entire to sparingly toothed, petiolate; middle cauline lvs 3-6·5 cm. long, lanceolate-ovate to oblong in outline, deeply once-pinnatifid, lateral lobes remote, narrow, entire or sparingly toothed; upper lvs reduced, sessile with auriculate clasping base. Capitula cylindric, borne loosely at ends of branches throughout plant; phyll. 11-13, villous at the often black tips; disk 5-10 mm. diam.; ray-florets c. 13, ligules yellow, (3·5)-5-7-(9) × 1·3-2-(2·7) mm., occ. much smaller and inconspicuous. Achenes 2.5-3 mm. long, strigose overall or merely in grooves. n = 20.

DIST.: N., S., Ch. On cliffs, rocks or sand-dunes of coastal areas. FL. 11-6. Type locality:? Type: Berlin-Dahlem, Herb. Willdenow No. 15757; isotypes at K and BM.

Exceedingly variable in ligule-length, capitulum-size, amount of pubescence, branching habit, stem-pigmentation and pattern of lf-dissection. Generally northern plants are more homogeneous and, like those from Nelson province, have a finer texture, smaller lvs and smaller capitula than Wellington plants.

Subsp. carnosulus (Kirk) Ornduff loc. cit. 68, fig. 8. S. lautus var. carnosulus Kirk Stud. Fl. 1899, 341.

Stout-stemmed, fleshy, succulent short-lived herb. Lvs thick, entire or with few broad, entire lateral lobes, margins revolute; internodes shortened so that lower lvs appear subopp. or whorled. Capitula obconic or cylindric; ray-florets 8-15, ligules 3-4 mm. long, recurved, often widely and irregularly spaced. Achenes us. sericeous. n = 20.

DIST.: S. Known only from Punakaiki Beach and near Dunedin. FL. 10-1. Original locality: "Not uncommon on maritime rocks". Type: Not found. Neotype: BD 87642, greenhouse-grown plant from fruits from sea-level, Black Head, Dunedin.

9a.  S. sterquilinus Ornduff in T.R.S.N.Z. 88, 1960, 68, fig. 3. S. lautus var. macrocephalus Hook. f. Fl. N.Z. 1, 1853, 145.

Coarse, fleshy, thickly pubescent, short-lived perennial herb; similar to S. lautus in aspect, but central stem stout, erect, to 90 cm. tall; secondary branches from near base few, less well developed; lfy throughout. Middle cauline lvs thick, to 10 cm. long, with revolute margins, pinnatifid with up to 10 lateral lobes, these often oblique to midrib; upper lvs reduced, sessile, with auriculate clasping base. Capitula large, involucre 8 mm. high, phyll. 15-(21); disk 1·5-2 cm. diam.; ray-florets (15)-21, ligules yellow, narrowly elliptic-oblong, 7 × 3 mm. Achenes 3 mm. long, strigose, becoming gelatinous when wet. n = 20.

DIST.: Known only from the type locality and sea-bird nesting grounds on islands in Cook Strait. Type locality: "an Islet in the Harbour", probably the inner harbour at Napier. Type: K, Colenso 268 (sheet 5/H1232/55; lectotype specimen No. 4).

On Brothers Is S. sterquilinus forms dense stands on malodorous friable soil around petrel burrows. The coarseness and large size of the plants might appear to be due to the high soil fertility of the habitat but progenies from the Brothers grown in ordinary greenhouse soil resemble their parents in average height and in large heads and numbers of floral parts.

12.  S. glaucophyllus Cheesem. in T.N.Z.I. 28, 1896, 536.

Subsp. glaucophyllus. S. lautus var. montanus Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. 1906, 373 pro parte.

Erect, glab. and often ± glaucous perennial herb, branched from the base but only sparingly above, aerial portions dying back in winter and the next season's growth arising from basally clustered shoots; stems 15-60 cm. tall. Lower lvs 2 cm. or more long, oblanceolate to obovate, obtuse or acute, sinuate-dentate to serrate, tapering to short petiole; middle cauline lvs similar in outline, to 9 cm. long, narrowing to broad petiole or clasping base; upper lvs narrower, clasping by an entire or lacerate auriculate base. Capitula campanulate, borne in a terminal corymb; phyll. linear, c. 5 mm. long; disk 5-8 mm. diam.; ray-florets 13-15, ligules ovate or oblong, 2-6 × 2-2.5 mm. Achenes c. 3 mm. long, scabrid in the grooves.

DIST.: S. N.W.Nelson and possibly Richmond Range. In crevices of limestone rocks at altitudes of 600-1200 m. FL. 12-1. Type locality: Mt. Arthur. Type: A, 10601 (lectotype specimen A), T.F.Cheeseman, Jan. 1886.

Subsp. basinudus Ornduff in T.R.S.N.Z. 88, 1960, 71, fig. 6.

Erect or prostrate herb, similar to subsp. glaucophyllus in many respects but us. rather freely branched above, the aerial parts not dying back to the ground in winter and hence the basally clustered shoots absent. Capitula borne rather loosely, not in terminal corymbs; measurements as in subsp. glaucophyllus but ligules of ray-florets from nearly absent to 3·5 mm. long. n = 50.

DIST.: S. Cape Campbell; from Lyttelton Hills southward to at least Dunedin. On dunes and cliffs along the coast. FL. 10-3. Type locality: Road-cutting on Christchurch-Akaroa road just north-east of the tip of Lake Ellesmere. Type: BD 87795, J. W. Dawson, July 1954.

The differences between subsp. glaucophyllus and subsp. basinudus remain constant when plants are grown in the greenhouse.

Subsp. raoulii (Hook. f.) Ornduff loc. cit. 72, fig. 4. S. lautus var.  Raouli Hook. f. Fl. N.Z. 1, 1853, 145 pro parte. S. lautus var. montanus Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. 1906, 373 pro parte.

Erect, glab. or very nearly glab. perennial herb, branched from the base but us. simple above, aerial portions dying back in winter and the next season's growth arising from basally clustered shoots; stems (19)-25-40-(60) cm. tall, often purplish below, lfy throughout. Lower lvs 2-5·5-(8) cm. long, often purplish beneath, lamina oblanceolate, shallowly toothed, narrowing to long petiole; middle cauline lvs ± ascending, lanceolate-elliptic in outline, deeply pinnatifid, lobes and sinuses us. ± serrate, base lacerate and clasping; uppermost lvs reduced and bractlike. Capitula small, ∞, us. in a rather dense corymbiform panicle; involucre c. 5 mm. high, phyll. c. 13, linear; ray-florets yellow, ligules broadly elliptic, 2-4-(5·5) × 1·5-2-(2.5) mm. Achenes 2·8-3 mm. long, pubescent in grooves. n = 50.

DIST.: N. Huiarau, Kaimanawa, Ruahine and probably other ranges. S. Marlborough and extreme northern Canterbury. Rocky cliffs, amongst tussock or as a shingle plant, at 450-1450 m. altitude. FL. 11-5. Type locality: "Between Waikare and Ruatahuna". Type: K, Colenso No. 85 (sheet 3-H1232/55; lectotype specimen No. 4), Jan. 5, 1842.

This subsp. appears to be relatively uniform in N., but tends to merge with other subspp. on the periphery of its range in S. Collections from S. show less lf-serration and more remote lf-lobes.

Subsp. discoideus (Cheesem.) Ornduff loc. cit. 73, fig. 7. S. lautus var. discoideus Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. 1906, 374.

Low, glab. or very nearly glab. perennial herb, branched from the previous year's main stem which is us. covered by unstable scree; stems 9-15-(25) cm. tall, ± lax, simple or branched from base, lfy throughout. Lvs often purplish beneath, the lowest 2-6 cm. long, oblanceolate-oblong, petiolate, shallowly toothed or pinnatifid; middle cauline lvs oblong-elliptic, serrate to deeply pinnatifid, base ± clasping. Capitula discoid, solitary or few; involucre (4)-5-6 mm. high, phyll. 13-(21); disk 6-9 mm. diam.; ligules of lower pistillate florets absent. Achenes c. 3 mm. long, sparingly pubescent in grooves. n = 50.

DIST.: N. Ruahine Range, N. L. Elder, 1946. S. Mountain ranges east of the main divide. Unstable debris slopes. FL. 12-1-(4). Type locality: Mt. Torlesse. Type: A, 10596 (lectotype specimen B), T. F. Cheeseman, Jan. 1880.

1 Plant short-lived; mainly coastal; lvs us. pinnatifid2

Plant perennial; us. not coastal but if so (eastern South Id) then lvs us. merely serrate; if lvs pinnatifid then capitula us. borne in corymbs12. glaucophyllus

2 Capitula large, disk 1·5-2 cm. diam.; lvs to 10 cm. long, pinnatifid; on bird islands9a. sterquilinus

Capitula smaller, disk < 1·3 cm. diam.; lvs merely serrate or if deeply pinnatifid then < 6·5 cm. long and habitat not as above9. lautus

1 Plant fleshy but not succulent, much-branched; lvs us. pinnatifid at least above, margins not revolute; ligules of ray-florets us. > 4 mm. long, not recurvedsubsp. lautus

Plant fleshy and very succulent, sparingly branched, lvs entire or pinnatifid, lobes broad, margins revolute; ligules of ray-florets < 4 mm. long, recurvedsubsp. carnosulus

1 Ligules absent; plant of mountain screesubsp. discoideus

Ligules present; plant of more stable ground2

2 Stems erect, branched from base but us. simple above; lvs pinnatifid; capitula us. in corymbssubsp. raoulii

Stems erect or decumbent; lvs not deeply pinnatifid3

3 Stems erect, branched at base but us. quite simple above; lvs serrate; capitula in corymbs; plants of higher altitudes of northern South Idsubsp. glaucophyllus

Stems erect or decumbent, simple or more often freely branched above; lvs serrate or incised; capitula in loose clusters; plants of South Id east coastsubsp. basinudus

To read

"S. rufiglandulosus var. solandri (Allan) Allan comb. nov.   S. latifolius Banks et Sol. ex Hook. f. Fl. N.Z. 1, 1853, 145 non DC. Prodr. 6, 1838, 387. S. solandri Allan in T.R.S.N.Z. 65, 1935, 229."

To read

"13.  S. rufiglandulosus Col. in T.N.Z.I. 28, 1896, 599 (as S. rufiglandulosis)."

With the above alterations the var. now becomes S. rufiglandulosus var. sinuatifolius (Kirk) Allancomb. nov.

Delete "(Kirk)" (S. bidwillii var. viridis)

Follow by

"A small plant of S. bidwillii without fl. or fr., in Herb. Colenso (W), is labelled by Cheeseman 'Type of Olearia rigida Col.' O. rigida Col. in T.N.Z.I. 20, 1888, 194 was described from 'High Plains, Waimarino, west side of Mount Tongariro; County of East Taupo; 1887, Mr H. Hill'."

For "uncinately" read "runcinately"

To read "1 Fr. indehiscent .... 1A"

Follow by (Lobeliaceae)

"1A Corolla split to base at back; stamens free from corolla except at very base; fr. ± fleshy1. PRATIA

Corolla not so split; stamens attached to middle of corolla-tube; fr. ± thin-walled1a. HYPSELA"

Follow by

"Wimmer (Pflanzenr. 106, 1943, 116; 107, 1953, 763) adopts Sect. Colensoa (Hook. f.) Hemsl. sens. ampl.  with 10 spp. ranging from Central America and the West Indies to the Indo-Malayan region and the single geographically isolated N.Z. sp. Beuzenberg and Hair (N.Z. J. Sci. 2, 1959, 532) record chromosome number n = 13 for C. physaloides in contrast to n = 7 or multiple of 7 in the other N.Z. members of the family."

Follow by

"Wimmer (Pflanzenr. 106, 1943, 111) treats 3 vars under P. angulata : var. minor Carse, var. arenaria Hook. f. and var. obovata E. Wimm. var. nov. = var. β Hook. f. Var. obovata is described: Lvs obovate-oblong, rather obtusely dentate towards apex, cuneate at base; peduncles 4-6·5 cm. long; calyx-lobes subulate, 4 mm. long; corolla 8-9 mm. long. Type locality: Tarndale, Nelson. Type: Herb. Cambr., A. Sinclair, Jan. 1861."

Follow by

"1a. HYPSELA Presl, 1836

Fls solitary and axillary, 5-merous; corolla-tube entire, lobes nearly equal. Stamens inserted at mid-tube, anthers connate, the lower pair awn-tipped. Fr. baccate, crowned with calyx-lobes. Seeds ∞, subglobose, minute. Herbs, prostrate and rooting at nodes, with alt. lvs. Genus of 4 spp. of S. America and Australasia, the N.Z. sp. endemic.

1.  H. rivalis E. Wimm. in Pflanzenr. 106, 1943, 121.

Slender glab. herb, prostrate and rooting freely at nodes. Lvs shortly petiolate; lamina 3-7-(8) × 2-3-(4) mm., subrotund to oval, obtuse to subacute, entire to obscurely dentate. Peduncles < to much > lvs. Calyx-lobes narrow-triangular, 1-2 mm. long. Corolla blue to white, 8-10 mm. long; tube entire, lobes oblong-lanceolate; stamens adnate to about mid-tube, the anthers us. glab. except for 2 setae and some short hairs terminating the lower pair. Fr. subglobose to ovoid or slightly gibbous, 2-3-(5) mm. long, thin-walled but indehiscent, the top of the ovary narrow and almost flat within the calyx-lobes.

DIST.: N. N.W. Ruahine Range, A. P. Druce; Lake Waikareiti, A. M. Jones; Lake Wairarapa. S. Not uncommon in damp places. FL. 11-4. FT. 1-4. Type locality: Broken River, South Id. Type: Herb. Cambr., T. Kirk n. 464.

"In habit and fl.-shape very similar to Laurentia (Isotoma) fluviatilis but differing in glab. vegetative parts and receptacle, corolla not villous on inner surface, and especially in indehiscent fr., the seeds escaping only after disintegration of the thin wall."

Follow by

"Wimmer (Pflanzenr. 107, 1953, 470) attributes N.Z. specimens to L. alata var. alata together with Australian, S. African and S. American plants while other Australian and S. African specimens are placed in 4 other vars; the name L. anceps is restricted to Africa and S. America. The two spp. are separated in the key on lf-characters, L. alata being in the group with cauline lvs, except the lowest and those near fls, lanceolate to linear, more rarely oblong or oblanceolate or cuneate, while L. anceps is placed with those whose lvs are ovate or subrhomboid to elliptic and oblong; each sp. has one var. overlapping these limits."

Follow by

"Wimmer (Pflanzenr. 107, 1953, 483) describes L. linnaeoides var. brevipilis from New Guinea, 1000-1300 m. altitude, differing from the type mainly in pubescence."

Follow by

"Though the plant is us. described as glab. the upper lf-surface bears a fine ± deciduous pubescence.

" Var. alces E. Wimm. in Pflanzenr. 107, 1953, 607, t. 95 is differentiated chiefly on rotund lvs, palmately nerved with broad rounded sinuses between the teeth; type in Vienna Natural History Museum, comm. Bastion. Most specimens of L. roughii show some range of venation in lvs of a single plant, the main veins us. free even in the petiole in lower lvs while in lvs immediately below the fls the upper lateral veins are more frequently connected with the median one to give a ± pinnate arrangement."

Delete from "N." to "Mason" inclusive

Follow by

"Isotoma Lindl. is treated by Wimmer (Pflanzenr. 107, 1953, 398) as a Sect. of Laurentia Adans., 1763. Laurentia fluviatilis (R. Br.) E. Wimm. in Ann. naturh. Mus. Wien 56, 1948, 335 is divided into 3 vars and under var. fluviatilis the N.Z. records given by Cheeseman Man. N.Z. Fl. 1906, 401 are quoted though Wimmer had not seen N.Z. specimens. The type locality of the sp. is in the neighbourhood of Port Jackson, N.S.W., and specimens seen from that district bear capsules like those of Lobelia, the ovary-wall convex and slightly didymous within the calyx-lobes and there loculicidal, the seeds being shed through thick-lipped ± circular openings; the corolla-lobes are villous with scattered hairs on the upper face and the tube is hairy inside, and very short rather stiff hairs frequently occur elsewhere, especially on receptacle, and often on valves of the capsule; on more luxuriant plants branches are ascending, lvs to 14 × 5 mm. are regularly serrate on slightly thickened margin, and capsules reach a length of 6-7 mm. It seems doubtful if L. fluviatilis occurs in N.Z.; no herbarium specimens seen match the N.S.W. plants, all those attributed to this sp. showing the distinctive characters of Hypsela rivalis."

Follow by

"Taxonomic significance of vegetative anatomy of N.Z. representatives is discussed by Rapson, T.R.S.N.Z. 80, 1953, 399-402."

To read

"1.  F. sedifolia Forst. f. in Nov. Act. Soc. sci. Upsal. 3, 1780, 184, fig."

Follow by

"Found also in basin of Ure River on sunny limestone rocks, c. 900 m. altitude, by L. J. Metcalf, 1959; on a plant flowering in the Botanic Gardens, Christchurch, in late December 1959 the corollas were a deep yellow-bronze colour (BD 76183)." (Myosotis arnoldii)

For "S. Known only from type locality" read "N. Lakes Rotorua and Taupo. S. Lakes and tarns, mostly in foothills of the Alps. Forming turf near water's edge, often submersed. Type locality" (Glossostigma submersum)

After "gathered" insert "until about 1956"

Delete "Specimens"

Delete. These specimens belong to G. submersum.

Follow by

"Specimens collected on Chatham Id by N. T. Moar in 1959 have very narrow linear-spathulate lvs and rather deeply cleft calyces." (G. elatinoides)

Follow by

"Philipson (T.R.S.N.Z. 87, 1959, 2-3) discusses parasitism in Euphrasia in N.Z. and records that in the vicinity of Cass 'E. revoluta, E. cockayniana and E. zelandica have all proved to possess haustorial connections with roots of adjacent plants whenever they have been examined. These haustoria consist of small bead-like swellings to one side of the fine roots. Their connection with the roots of the host is very fragile.' No host records were published but Professor Philipson is sure of Celmisia sessiliflora and suspects some grasses."

For "abudance" read "abundance"

Follow by

"A collection of Ourisia from the 1959 Royal Society Expedition to Chile shows many buds all with the posterior lobes overlapping the laterals as in N.Z. spp., though some opened corollas have pressed with the laterals outside. In habit, glandular hairs and calyx deeply divided into narrow lobes the plants resemble O. macrophylla but the corolla is red with a very long slender tube."

Follow by

"O. montana Buchan. in T.N.Z.I. 19, 1887, 214, t. 14 from 'Mt. Alta Range, at 5,000 to 6,000 feet altitude' is represented in Herb. Buchanan (OM) by two specimens so named but without other notes. The plants fit the description and figure well and belong to Mazus radicans. Buchanan compares his O. montana with O. 'uniflora', a name which is given to 3 specimens of Euphrasia revoluta on the same sheet and which has nothing to do with O. uniflora Phil. of Chile."

Delete final "f."

Follow by

"Specimens of var. murrellii collected in another part of the Kepler Range 'shingle slide behind Lake Annie, M. J. A. Simpson, 11.1.1957' have healthy infls in full fl., the stamens in some plants conspicuously long, in others much shorter." (Hebe petriei var. murrellii)