Porina

Lichens Pan-Z (2007) - Flora of New Zealand Lichens - Revised Second Edition Pan-Z

PORINA Ach., 1809 nom. cons.

=POLYCORNUM Malcolm & Vězda

Type : Porina nucula Ach. typ. cons.

Type : Polycornum rubrofuscum Malcolm & Vězda [Porina rubrofusca (Malcolm & Vězda) Lücking]

Descriptions : Flora (1985: 411–412). See also McCarthy (1993c: 12–13; 2006).

Key

Saxicolous

Corticolous or foliicolous

Thallus on aquatic rocks

Thallus not on aquatic rocks

Perithecia yellowish brown, orange-brown, or orange-grey

Perithecia greenish black to black

Perithecia 0.14–0.3 mm diam.; ascospores 3-septate, 15–25 × 2.5–5 μm; thallus 20–50 μm thick, yellowish brown to olive-brown, continuous to cracked

leptalea

Perithecia 0.45–0.65 mm diam.; ascospores 7(–9)-septate, 36–66 × 6–10 μm; thallus 40–100 μm thick, yellowish brown, continuous to cracked

ahlesiana

Ascospores (3–)5–9-septate

Ascospores 3-septate, 14–32 × 3–6 μm; perithecia black, semi-immersed to superficial, 0.2–0.3 mm diam.; thallus grey-green to dark grey-brown, thin, continuous to cracked

chlorotica

Most or all perithecia <0.45 mm diam

Perithecia 0.46–0.66 mm diam, subglobose; thallus dark-green to blackish; ascosopores (5–)7–9-septate, 30–50 × 3.5–6.5 μm; conidia 3–7 × 0.8 μm

aptrootii

Ascospores <6.5 μm wide

Ascospores, 22–33 × 6.5–10 μm, 7-septate

otagensis

Ascospores (3–)7(–9)-septate, 22–49 × 3.5–6.5 μm, apices usually pointed; perithecia 0.23–0.48 mm diam., not overgrown by thallus, hemispherical to subglobose; thallus usually pale to medium grey-brown, continuous to areolate

guentheri

Ascospores 5-septate, 18–30 × 5–8 μm, apices usually rounded; perithecia 0.2–0.37 mm diam., hemispherical, at least partly overgrown by thallus; thallus dark grey-green, continuous

fluminea

On acid rocks

On basic rocks (limestone); ascospores 3-septate, 19–23 × 3–6 μm

corrugata

Ascospores 3–7-septate

Ascospores 7- or more septate

Ascospores 3(–7)-septate, 22–40 × 2.5–4.5 μm; thallus thin, filmy, 20–50 μm thick [on coastal rocks]

psilocarpa

Ascospores 3–7-septate, 25–37 × 4.5–7 μm; thallus 40–60(–100) μm thick [on inland rocks]

partita

Ascospores 33–62 μm long, 7–9-septate

Ascospores 65–125 × 15–22 μm, 7–13-septate

speciosa

Ascospores 7–8-septate, 32–60 × 6–13 μm

mastoidea

Ascospores 7(–9)-septate, 33–62 × 2–4.5 μm

kantvilasii

Thallus corticolous

Thallus foliicolous

Ascospores transversely septate

Ascospores muriform, 50–150 × 20–40 μm

exocha

Ascospores 3–7-septate

Ascospores more than 7-septate

Perithecia black

Perithecia orange-brown or red-brown

Thallus whitish grey to grey-black

Thallus dark olive-brown to red-brown; ascospores; 3–5-septate, 20–27 × 3.5–5 μm

emiscens

Ascospores 3–7-septate, 18.5–22 × 3.5–5 μm; thallus effuse pale whitish grey

leptostegia

Ascospores 3-septate, 16–23 × 5–7 μm; thallus grey-black

cinereonigrescens

Ascospores 3-septate, 21.5–35 × 3.5–6 μm

leptaleina

Ascospores (3–)5–7(–9)-septate, 23–46 × 2.5–3.5 μm

decrescens

Perithecia grey-green or brownish (concolorous with thallus), black or greenish black

Perithecia orange-brown to red-brown

Perithecia grey-green or brownish (concolorous with thallus) or black; ascospores 7–9-septate

Perithecia greenish black, ascospores 9–11(–15)-septate, 41–73 × 2–4 μm

rhaphidiophora

Perithecia black

Perithecia grey-green, concolorous with thallus; ascospores 7(–9)-septate, halonate 35–65(–90) × 10–18(–20) μm

nucula

Ascospores 7-septate, with a median constriction, not halonate, 40–59 × 2–3.5 μm

constrictospora

Ascospores 7–9-septate, without a median constriction, halonate, 46–51 × 10–12 μm

lamprocarpa

Ascospores (7–)9–11(–15)-septate, 54.5–88 × 6.5–9.5 μm

silvatica

Ascospores (11–)13–19(–21)-septate, 42–65 × 2–3 μm

elegantula

Perithecia glabrous or with a roughened surface

Perithecia with thin, almost translucent hairs formed by moniliform hyphae

rubrofusca

Ascospores 3-septate

Ascospores 7- or more-septate

Perithecia black, yellow-orange or red-brown

Perithecia yellow-green; ascospores 16–22 × 3–4.5 μm

cerina

Perithecia yellow-orange or red-brown

Perithecia black, lens-shaped, spreading at base; ascospores 18–23 × 3.5–4.5 μm

chrysophora

Perithecia hemispherical to globose, constricted at base

Perithecia convex to subconical, 0.15–0.26(–0.3) mm diam.; ascospores 17–26 × 2.5–4.5 μm diam.

rufula

Perithecia 0.15–0.3 mm diam.

Perithecia 0.1–0.15 mm diam.; ascospores 15–20 × 3–4 μm

leptosperma

Perithecial wall dark red-brown; photobiont cells absent between outer and inner perithecial walls; ascospores 16–22 × 3.4 μm

tetramera

Perithecial wall yellow-orange; photobiont cells between outer and inner perithecial walls

semecarpi

Ascospores 7-septate

Ascospores 15-septate, 58–97 × 4–6 μm

exacta

Perithecia not covered by a layer of thalline tissue

Perithecia covered by a distinct layer of thalline tissue encrusted with large, colourless crystals, perithecia concolorous with thallus; ascospores 25–35 × 3–4.5 μm

epiphylla

Perithecia black

Perithecia yellow-brown or red-brown

Perithecia globose, constricted at base; ascospores not halonate, 22–42 × 3.5–7 μm

atrocoerulea

Perithecia subglobose, not constricted at base; ascospores halonate, 28–30 × 3.5–4 μm

diffluens

Perithecia yellow-brown to orange-brown, without white hairs (setae) at base

Perithecia red-brown, with white hairs (setae) at base; ascospores 22–26 × 4–4.5 μm

rubella

Perithecia yellow-brown to orange-brown; ascospores 25–45 × 6–10 μm

subapplanata

Perithecia yellow-brown; ascospores 35–45 × 3 μm

palmicola

The pyrenocarpous genus Porina Ach., included until recently in the family Trichotheliaceae (McCarthy 2003d; Eriksson et al. 2004; Pennycook & Galloway 2004; Eriksson 2005), comprises 357 species and infraspecific taxa on bark, rock and leaves in cool temperate and warm temperate biomes, and particularly in subtropical and tropical regions (McCarthy 1993b, 1994b, 1995a, 1995b, 1997, 1999b, 1999c, 2000a, 2000b, 2000c, 2001f, 2001l, 2003d; McCarthy & Kantvilas 1993; Malcolm et al. 1995c; McCarthy & Coppins 1995; McCarthy & Johnson 1995; McCarthy & Malcolm 1996; Lücking & Vězda 1998; Aptroot 2002d; Farkas 2004; Baloch & Grube 2006). The circumscription and taxonomy of Porina was a forum for debate in recent years (Hafellner & Kalb 1995; Harris 1995; McCarthy 1995b, 1996; McCarthy & Malcolm 1996, 1997; Lücking & Vězda 1998; Gams 1998). However, with acceptance of the conservation of Porina Ach., with P. nucula as type (McCarthy 1996), Porinaceae is shown to be the correct name for the family (Grube et al. 2004b; Lücking 2004a). The Pacific Porina -mycobiota is now comparatively well-known, thanks to the scholarly researches of Pat McCarthy in Canberra, and the treatment below accords closely with his views. Australia is particularly rich in species of Porina with 87 taxa recorded (McCarthy 2003d). Keys to Porina are given in McCarthy (2000b [for saxicolous taxa], 2001f), and Lücking (2004a [for foliicolous taxa]), and a detailed catalogue of Porina and its synonyms worldwide was recently compiled by McCarthy (2003d) and is a detailed and scholarly resource of information on the genus. A recent molecular study of 28 species of foliicolous taxa representing eight species groups of Porina, as well as the genus Trichothelium, disclosed four main clades, distinguished as the Porina nitidula -group (with Trichothelium nested within it), the P. epiphylla -group, and two clades of the P. rufula -group (Baloch & Grube 2006). Porina as understood by all recent concepts is paraphyletic.

It is now doubtful whether the earlier records of Porina spilophaena Kremp (Galloway 1985a: 417) and P. triblasta Müll.Arg. (Galloway 1985a: 418) are referable to Porina (P.M. McCarthy pers. comm.), and accordingly they are not discussed in this account. Porina albicascens (Nyl.) Müll.Arg. (Galloway 1985a: 413) and P. indutula (Nyl.) Müll.Arg. (Galloway 1985a: 414) are now referred to Strigula (q.v.), and Polycornum rubrofuscum Malcolm & Vězda lcolm & Vězda 1995c) is referred to Porina (see below) following Lücking (2004a: 418). At present, 39 taxa are recognised from New Zealand.

Porina

Key

Volume contents

Share