Cladonia vulcanica Zoll. & Moritzi
Primary squamules persistent, small to medium, linear, upper surface glaucescent to olivaceous-glaucescent, to pale, lower surface white, fragile, esorediate. Podetia arising from surface of primary squamules, 2-45 mm tall to 3 mm diam., simple or sparingly branched, without cups, apices blunt. Cortex ± lacking, continuous at base and below apothecia, ± pellucid, pale to brownish, granular-sorediate, verrucose, verrucae and squamules minutely isidiate, ashy or glaucescent-whitish, areolate, squamulose at base. Apothecia red, small, to 1.5 mm diam., simple or clustered at tips of podetia. Chemistry: Cortex K+ yellow, KC+ yellow-orange, Pd+ orange-red. Thamnolic, barbatic and didymic acids.
N: Volcanic Plateau. S: Westland, Southland (Awarua Plain). On soil, rotting logs, peat, in Leptospermum scrub, s.l. to 800 m.
Pantropical
