Chromosome Numbers
CHROMOSOME NUMBERS OF INDIGENOUS NEW ZEALAND GRAMINEAE
M. I. Dawson, Landcare Research, Lincoln, New Zealand
This list provides referenced chromosome counts in grasses indigenous to the New Zealand Botanical Region. Macquarie Island is part of that region, so the chromosome numbers of Moore (1960) are included. Counts made from plants occurring naturally outside the New Zealand Botanical Region are not listed, even if those taxa are considered also to occur in New Zealand, thus for example, the many counts of Deschampsia cespitosa and Trisetum spicatum from other countries have been excluded.
Taxa are listed alphabetically by genus, species, and subspecies; natural and artificial hybrids are excluded. Chromosome numbers cited as "n" represent the gametic count determined at meiosis, those cited as "2n" represent the somatic count determined at mitosis. Counts are cited here as presented in the original publications, in preference to secondary sources such as chromosome indexes (e.g., Darlington & Wylie 1955; Index to Plant Chromosome Numbers series) or review papers (e.g., Hair 1966).
Comments on the validity of certain counts or identifications are in the reference column. Many early publications do not cite herbarium voucher specimens, so the identification of the material examined cannot always be confirmed. Herbarium numbers are cited for several of my unpublished counts, and elsewhere to clarify ambiguities.
I am indebted to Drs H. E. Connor and E. Edgar for checking this list and for providing the taxonomic and nomenclatural treatments. However, any errors or omissions remain mine.
| n | 2n | ||
| Agrostis | |||
| dyeri Petrie | 21 | - | Beuzenberg & Hair 1983:14 |
| magellanica Lam. | 42 | - | Beuzenberg & Hair 1983:14 |
| magellanica Lam. | - | 72 | Moore 1960:187 |
| muelleriana Vickery | 21 | - | Beuzenberg & Hair 1983:14; as A. subulata. See Edgar & Forde 1991:143 |
| Agrostis | |||
| muscosa Kirk | 21 | - | Beuzenberg & Hair 1983:14 |
| personata Edgar | 21 | - | Beuzenberg & Hair 1983:14; as A. dyeri & A. parviflora. See Edgar & Forde 1991:143 |
| Anemanthele | |||
| lessoniana (Steud.) Veldkamp | - | 40-44 | M. I. Dawson, unpubl. (CHR 514915) |
| Australopyrum | |||
| calcis Connor et Molloy subsp. calcis | - | 14 | Connor et al. 1993:2,8 |
| calcis subsp. optatum Connor et Molloy | - | 14 | Connor et al. 1993:2,8 |
| Austrofestuca | |||
| littoralis (Labill.) E.B.Alexeev | - | 28 | Hair 1968:271; as Poa triodioides |
| littoralis (Labill.) E.B.Alexeev | - | 28 | Beuzenberg & Hair 1983:14; as Festuca littoralis |
| Chionochloa | |||
| acicularis Zotov | - | c.42 | Dawson 1989:164 |
| antarctica (Hook.f.) Zotov | - | 42 | Beuzenberg & Hair 1983:14 |
| antarctica (Hook.f.) Zotov | - | 42 | Dawson 1989:164 |
| australis (Buchanan) Zotov | - | 42 | Dawson 1989:164 |
| australis (Buchanan) Zotov | - | 36 | Calder 1937:7; as Danthonia australis. See Zotov 1963:89 & Connor 1991:224 |
| beddiei Zotov | - | 42 | Dawson 1989:164 |
| bromoides (Hook.f.) Zotov | - | 42 | Dawson 1989:164 |
| conspicua (G.Forst.) Zotov | |||
| subsp. conspicua | 21 | 42 | Calder 1937:7; as D. cunninghamii. See Zotov 1963:89 |
| crassiuscula (Kirk) Zotov | - | 36 | Calder 1937:7; as D. crassiuscula. See Zotov 1963:89 & Connor 1991:224 |
| flavescens Zotov | 21 | - | Calder 1937:7; as D. raoulii var. flavescens. See Zotov 1963:89 |
| flavicans Zotov | - | 42 | Dawson 1989:164 |
| macra Zotov | - | 42 | Dawson 1989:164 |
| oreophila (Petrie) Zotov | - | 42 | Dawson 1989:165 |
| oreophila (Petrie) Zotov | - | 36 | Calder 1937:7; as D. oreophila. See Zotov 1963:89 & Connor 1991:224 |
| ovata (Buchanan) Zotov | - | c.42 | Dawson 1989:165 |
| pallens subsp. cadens Connor | - | 42 | Dawson 1989:165; as C. pallens (CHR 439665) |
| pallens subsp. pilosa Connor | - | 42 | Dawson 1989:165; as C. pallens (CHR 437929) |
| Chionochloa | |||
| rigida (Raoul) Zotov | - | 42 | Calder 1937:7; as D. raoulii. See Zotov 1963:89 |
| rubra Zotov | - | 42 | Calder 1937:7; as D. raoulii var. rubra. See Zotov 1963:89 |
| spiralis Zotov | - | 42 | Dawson 1989:165 |
| teretifolia (Petrie) Zotov | - | 42 | Calder 1937:7; as D. ovata. See Zotov 1963:89 |
| Cortaderia | |||
| fulvida (Buchanan) Zotov | - | 90 | Hair & Beuzenberg 1966:256 |
| richardii (Endl.) Zotov | - | 90 | Hair & Beuzenberg 1966:256 |
| splendens Connor | - | 90 | E. J. Beuzenberg in Connor 1971:521, 523 |
| toetoe Zotov | - | 90 | Hair & Beuzenberg 1966:256 |
| Deschampsia | |||
| cespitosa (L.) P.Beauv. | - | 26 | Beuzenberg & Hair 1983:14 |
| cespitosa (L.) P.Beauv. | - | 26 | F. Albers, hic comm. |
| chapmanii Petrie | - | 26 | F. Albers, hic comm. |
| chapmanii Petrie | - | 28 | Moore 1960:187 |
| tenella Petrie | - | 26 | F. Albers, hic comm. |
| Dichelachne | |||
| crinita (L.f.) Hook.f. | - | 70 | Beuzenberg & Hair 1983:14 |
| lautumia Edgar et Connor | - | 70(+2f) | M. I. Dawson in Edgar & Connor 1999:68 (CHR 517725) |
| Echinopogon | |||
| ovatus (G.Forst.) P.Beauv. | 21 | - | Beuzenberg & Hair 1983:14 |
| Elymus | |||
| apricus Á.Löve et Connor | - | 42 | Hair et al. 1967:187; as Agropyron scabrum (Group Otago). See Connor 1994:130-131 |
| apricus Á.Löve et Connor | - | 42 | Löve & Connor 1982:170,182,183 |
| enysii (Kirk) Á.Löve et Connor | - | 28 | J. B. Hair in Connor 1954:316; as A. enysii. See Connor 1994:131-132 |
| enysii (Kirk) Á.Löve et Connor | - | 28 | Hair 1966:584; as A. enysii. See Connor 1994:131-132 |
| enysii (Kirk) Á.Löve et Connor | 14 | 28 | Hair et al. 1967:186; as A. enysii. See Connor 1994:131-132 |
| enysii (Kirk) Á.Löve et Connor | - | 28 | Löve & Connor 1982:170,183 |
| enysii (Kirk) Á.Löve et Connor | - | 4x[28] | Svitashev et al. 1996:1094,1099 |
| enysii (Kirk) Á.Löve et Connor | - | 28 | M. I. Dawson, unpubl. |
| falcis Connor | - | 42 | Hair et al. 1967:186; as A. scabrum (Group Tekapo II). See Connor 1994:132-134 |
| Elymus | |||
| falcis Connor | - | 42 | Löve & Connor 1982:170; as A. scabrum (Group Tekapo II). See Connor 1994:132-134 |
| multiflorus (Hook.f.) Á.Löve et Connor | - | 42 | J. B. Hair in Connor 1954:317; as A. kirkii. See Connor 1994:134-137 |
| multiflorus (Hook.f.) Á.Löve et Connor | - | 42 | J. B. Hair in Darlington & Wylie 1955: 453; as A. kirkii. See Connor 1994:134-137 |
| multiflorus (Hook.f.) Á.Löve et Connor | - | 42 | Hair 1966:584; as A. kirkii. See Connor 1994:134-137 |
| multiflorus (Hook.f.) Á.Löve et Connor | 21 | 42 | Hair et al. 1967:186; as A. kirkii & A. kirkii var. longisetum. See Connor 1994:134-137 |
| multiflorus (Hook.f.) Á.Löve et Connor | - | 42 | Löve & Connor 1982:170,183 |
| solandri (Steud.) Connor | - | 42 | Hair 1953:215; as A. scabrum. See Connor 1994:140-142 |
| solandri (Steud.) Connor | - | 42 | J. B. Hair in Darlington & Wylie 1955: 453; as A. scabrum (sexual). See Connor 1994:140-142 |
| solandri (Steud.) Connor | - | 42 | Hair 1966:584; as A. scabrum. See Connor 1994:140-142 |
| solandri (Steud.) Connor | 21 | 42 | Hair et al. 1967:186-187; as A. scabrum. See Connor 1994:140-142 |
| solandri (Steud.) Connor | - | 42 | Löve & Connor 1982:170; as A. scabrum. See Connor 1994:140-142 |
| solandri (Steud.) Connor | - | 42 | Lu 1993:196; as E. scaber. See Connor 1994:140-142 |
| solandri (Steud.) Connor | - | 42 | Lu & Bothmer 1993:37; as E. scaber. See Connor 1994:140-142 |
| tenuis (Buchanan) Á.Löve et Connor | - | 56 | J. B. Hair in Connor 1954:318; as A. tenue. See Connor 1994:142-143 |
| tenuis (Buchanan) Á.Löve et Connor | - | 56 | J. B. Hair in Darlington & Wylie 1955: 453; as A. scabrum var. tenue. See Connor 1994:142-143 |
| Elymus | |||
| tenuis (Buchanan) Á.Löve et Connor | - | 56 | Hair 1966:584; as A. tenue. See Connor 1994:142-143 |
| tenuis (Buchanan) Á.Löve et Connor | 28 | 56 | Hair et al. 1967:187; as A. tenue. See Connor 1994:142-143 |
| tenuis (Buchanan) Á.Löve et Connor | - | 56 | Löve & Connor 1982:170,183 |
| Festuca | |||
| contracta Kirk | - | c.170 | Moore 1960:187; as F. erecta |
| coxii (Petrie) Hack. | - | 8x [56] | J. B. Hair in Connor 1968:295 |
| coxii (Petrie) Hack. | - | 56 | Beuzenberg & Hair 1983:14 |
| matthewsii subsp. latifundii Connor | - | 42 | J. B. Hair in Connor 1968:295; as F. matthewsii |
| matthewsii subsp. latifundii Connor | - | 42, 42+B | Beuzenberg & Hair 1983:14; as F. matthewsii |
| multinodis Petrie et Hack. | - | 8x [56] | J. B. Hair in Connor 1968:295 |
| multinodis Petrie et Hack. | - | 56 | Beuzenberg & Hair 1983:14 |
| novae-zelandiae (Hack.) Cockayne | - | 42 | J. B. Hair in Connor 1968:295 |
| novae-zelandiae (Hack.) Cockayne | - | 42 | Beuzenberg & Hair 1983:14 |
| novae-zelandiae (Hack.) Cockayne | - | 42 | M. I. Dawson, unpubl. |
| Microlaena | |||
| avenacea (Raoul) Hook.f. | - | 48 | M. I. Dawson in Edgar & Connor 1998:566,577 (CHR 495047, CHR 495048) |
| carsei Cheeseman | - | 48 | M. I. Dawson in Edgar & Connor 1998:566,578 |
| polynoda (Hook.f.) Hook.f. | - | 48 | E. J. Beuzenberg in Connor & Edgar 1986:427 |
| stipoides (Labill.) R.Br. | - | 48 | M. I. Dawson in Edgar & Connor 1998:565,583 (CHR 514916, CHR 514917) |
| stipoides (Labill.) R.Br. | - | 42 | J. B. Hair in Tothill & Love 1964:21. Count undocumented; see Edgar & Connor 1998:566 |
| Oplismenus | |||
| hirtellus subsp. imbecillis (R.Br.) U.Scholz | - | 54 | M. I. Dawson, unpubl. (CHR 495040) |
| Poa | |||
| acicularifolia Buchanan subsp. Buchananacicularifolia | - | 28 | Hair 1968:269; as P. acicularifolia. See Edgar 1986:444 |
| anceps G.Forst. subsp. G.Forst.anceps | - | 28 | Hair 1968:269; as P. anceps |
| anceps subsp. polyphylla (Hack.) Edgar | - | 28 | Hair 1968:271; as P. polyphylla. See Edgar 1986:452 |
| astonii Petrie | - | 28 | Hair 1968:269 |
| aucklandica Petrie subsp. Petrieaucklandica | - | 28 | Hair 1968:269; as P. aucklandica (CHR 102389, CHR 102390). See Edgar 1986:467 |
| aucklandica subsp. campbellensis (Petrie) Edgar | - | 28 | Hair 1968:269; as P. aucklandica (CHR 102391). See Edgar 1986:467 |
| breviglumis Hook.f. | - | 28 | Hair 1968:269; as P. breviglumis var. breviglumis & P. breviglumis var. brockiei. See Edgar 1986:474 |
| buchananii Zotov | - | 28 | Hair 1968:271; as P. sclerophylla. See Edgar 1986:480 |
| chathamica Petrie | - | 112 | Hair 1968:269 |
| cita Edgar | - | 84 | Hair 1968:270; as P. laevis. See Edgar 1986:447 |
| cockayneana Petrie | - | 112 | Hair 1968:269 |
| colensoi Hook.f. | - | 28 | Hair 1968:269 |
| dipsacea Petrie | - | 28 | Hair 1968:269; as P. cheesemanii & P. dipsacea. See Edgar 1986:460 |
| foliosa (Hook.f.) Hook.f. | - | 28, 29 | Moore 1960:187 |
| foliosa (Hook.f.) Hook.f. | - | 28 | D. M. Moore in Hair 1968:270; as P. hamiltonii |
| foliosa (Hook.f.) Hook.f. | - | 28 | Hair 1968:269 |
| hesperia Edgar | - | 28 | Hair 1968:269; as P. colensoi (CHR 101785). See Edgar 1986:442 |
| imbecilla Spreng. | - | 28 | Hair 1968:271; as P. sp. (CHR 102415). See Edgar 1986:471 |
| kirkii Buchanan | - | 28 | Hair 1968:270 |
| lindsayi Hook.f. | - | 28 | Hair 1968:270 |
| litorosa Cheeseman | - | 263-265 | Hair & Beuzenberg 1961:160 |
| Poa | |||
| litorosa Cheeseman | - | c.266 | Hair 1968:270 |
| maniototo Petrie | - | 28 | Hair 1968:270 |
| matthewsii Petrie | - | 28 | Hair 1968:270; as P. matthewsii var. matthewsii, P. matthewsii var. minor, P. matthewsii var. tenuis. See Edgar 1986: 470-471 |
| novae-zelandiae Hack. | - | 28 | Hair 1968:270,271; as P. novae-zelandiae var. humilior, P. novae-zelandiae var. laxiuscula, & P. novae-zelandiae var. wallii. See Edgar 1986:436 |
| pusilla Berggr. | - | 28 | Hair 1968:271; as P. pusilla & P. seticulmis. See Edgar 1986:453 |
| pygmaea Buchanan | - | 28 | Hair 1968:271 |
| ramosissima Hook.f. | - | 28 | Hair 1968:271 |
| subvestita (Hack.) Edgar | - | 28 | Hair 1968:270; as P. novae-zelandiae var. subvestita. See Edgar 1986:437 |
| tennantiana Petrie | - | 56 | Hair 1968:271 |
| Puccinellia | |||
| macquariensis (Cheeseman) Allan et Jansen | - | 28 | Moore 1960:187 |
| Rytidosperma | |||
| buchananii (Hook.f.) Connor et Edgar | 36 | c.72 | Calder 1937:7; as Danthonia buchanani |
| gracile (Hook.f.) Connor et Edgar | 12 | 24 | Calder 1937:7; as D. gracilis |
| nigricans (Petrie) Connor et Edgar | 12 | 24 | Calder 1937:7; as D. nigricans |
| setifolium (Hook.f.) Connor et Edgar | 12 | 24 | Calder 1937:7; as D. setifolia |
| Simplicia | |||
| buchananii (Zotov) Zotov | - | 28 | J. B. Hair & B. E. Groves in Zotov 1971:544 |
| buchananii (Zotov) Zotov | - | 28 | M. I. Dawson, unpubl. |
| laxa Kirk | - | 28 | J. B. Hair & B. E. Groves in Zotov 1971:541 |
| laxa Kirk | - | 28 | Beuzenberg & Hair 1983:14 |
| laxa Kirk | - | 28 | M. I. Dawson, unpubl. (CHR 483932) |
| Spinifex | |||
| sericeus R.Br. | - | 18 | Hair & Beuzenberg 1966:256; as S. hirsutus |
| Stenostachys | |||
| gracilis (Hook.f.) Connor | 14 | 28 | Hair et al. 1967:187; as Cockaynea gracilis. See Connor 1994:146 |
| gracilis (Hook.f.) Connor | - | 28 | Löve & Connor 1982:170,184; as Elymus narduroides. See Connor 1994:146 |
| laevis (Petrie) Connor | - | 28 | Hair et al. 1967:187; as C. laevis. See Connor 1994:146-148 |
| laevis (Petrie) Connor | - | 28 | Löve & Connor 1982:170,184; as E. laevis. See Connor 1994:146-148 |
| Trisetum | |||
| lepidum Edgar et A.P.Druce | - | 28 | Beuzenberg & Hair 1983:14; as T. antarcticum. See Edgar 1998:553 |
| Zotovia | |||
| colensoi (Hook.f.) Edgar et Connor | - | 48 | M. I. Dawson in Edgar & Connor 1998:566,571 (CHR 483931) |
| thomsonii (Petrie) Edgar et Connor | - | c.48 | M. I. Dawson in Edgar & Connor 1998:566,573 |
