Ranunculus L.

Volume I (1961) - Flora of New Zealand Indigenous Tracheophyta - Psilopsida, Lycopsida, Filicopsida, Gymnospermae, Dicotyledons

RANUNCULUS L., 1753

Fls solitary to paniculately arrayed, perfect, regular, hypog. Sepals 3-5, deciduous or caducous; petals (0)-5-25 or more, yellow or white, with 1 or more nectary glands; stamens us. ∞; carpels in heads, us. ∞, with basal ovule; fr. of achenes. Annual to perennial herbs; lvs us. exstipulate, mostly radical, often variously lobed or dissected. Over 300 spp., chiefly of temperate regions. Of the N.Z. spp. forms of R. hirtus, R. lappaceus and R. rivularis occur in Australia and Tasmania; of R. acaulis in Tasmania and Chile. R. biternatus has a wide range in austral regions.

Key

Lvs linear-spathulate, entire, fls tetramerous

43. limosella

Lvs and fls not as above

Petals white

Petals yellow or absent

Lvs peltate, crenately toothed

1. lyallii

Lvs not peltate, deeply divided

2. buchananii

Lvs not or only shallowly lobed; sinus not beyond middle of lamina

Lvs deeply lobed to 3-5-foliolate or dissected

Most or all laminae of radical lvs 10-20 cm. long or in diam

Most or all laminae of radical lvs not > 5 cm. long

Laminae of oblong to ovate order

Laminae of reniform to suborbicular order

Fls 2.5-5 cm. diam.; nectary glands 2-3

6. godleyanus

Fls 1-2.5 cm. diam.; nectary gland 1

5. monroi

Achenes densely hairy

3. insignis

Achenes sparsely hairy to glab.

Lamina not or only very shallowly lobed

5. monroi

Lamina more distinctly lobed

4. lobulatus

Stems creeping and rooting at nodes, or stocks distinctly creeping and branched

Stems short, not creeping; stock not creeping (stolons may be present)

Stock long, creeping, branched; style stout

37. pachyrrhizus

Stock short, not creeping; plant creeping by stolons; style slender

Stolons slender; petioles slender, decurved

39. depressus

Stolons stout; petioles stout, not decurved

36. cheesemanii

Teeth and/or lobes of laminae crenate

Teeth and/or lobes of laminae not crenate

Fls well over 2 cm. diam

Fls not or hardly attaining 2 cm. diam

Achenes villous; lvs villous, at least below

3. insignis

Achenes sparsely hairy to glab.; lvs sparingly hairy to glab.

Scape stout, thickened in upper part; sepals and petals ± equal

7. pinguis

Scape rather slender, not thickened in upper part; sepals distinctly < petals

Lvs of oblong order

6. godleyanus

Lvs of reniform, suborbicular, or ovate order

Lamina not or only very shallowly lobed

5. monroi

Lamina more deeply and distinctly lobed

4. lobulatus

Lamina glab.

Lamina sparsely to densely hairy

Scape thickened in upper part; petioles long

7. pinguis

Scape not so thickened; petioles short

Lvs orbicular-reniform, 3-lobed to near middle

15. berggrenii

Lvs 3-foliolate; terminal lflt long-stalked

16. novae-zelandiae

Plant depressed, not >4 cm. tall

Plant not depressed, us. well over 4 cm. tall

Sepals ovate; stolons us. Present

39. depressus

Sepals linear to oblong, acute; stolons absent

23. recens

Petioles, all or most, well over 8 cm. long

Petioles not or hardly attaining 8 cm. long

Plant with branched leafy stems; achenes not or hardly compressed

Plant with simple scapes; achenes compressed

Petals hardly longer than sepals; sepals oblong; achenes with hairs on surface

32. foliosus

Petals twice as long as sepals; sepals ovate; achenes ± ciliate near style

33. porrectus

Lamina round-reniform in outline

35. aucklandicus

Lamina ovate to deltoid-cordate in outline

34. subscaposus

Lamina with ∞ close-set crenate teeth

5. monroi

Lamina with few distant teeth or lobes

Fls apetalous, rarely 1-2 petals present

28. royi

Fls bearing 5 or more petals

Lamina splashed with brown flecks

30. maculatus

Lamina not so marked

Sepals pilose; petals obovate-oblong; style recurved

27. lappaceus

Sepals glab.; petals narrow-obcuneate; style straight

29. carsei

Plant depressed, not > 4 cm. tall

Plant not depressed, us. well over 4 cm. tall

Sepals ovate; stolons us. Present

39. depressus

Sepals linear to oblong, acute; stolons absent

23. recens

Petals absent, or rarely 1 to 2 developed

28. royi

Petals 5 or more

Petioles seldom > 5 cm. in length

Petioles mostly well over 8 cm. long

Sepals glab.; petals narrow obcuneate; style straight

29. carsei

Sepals pilose; petals obovate-oblong; style curved

27. lappaceus

Achenes with some long hairs; lamina hairs spreading or only slightly appressed

35. aucklandicus

Achenes glab.; lamina hairs closely appressed

Plant with branched stems; nectary gland near petal base; achenes rather turgid

32. foliosus

Plant us. with unbranched stems; nectary gland placed higher on petal; achenes compressed

34. subscaposus

Lvs glaucous

Lvs not glaucous

Lamina 1-3 cm. long, 3-foliolate; lflts 3-lobed, segs crenate

16. novae-zelandiae

Lamina not having the above characters in common

Lf-sheath hairy; lamina 5-10 cm. long; palmately divided into 5-7 deeply cut segs

11. haastii

Lf-sheath glab.; lamina not as above

Lamina 3-8 cm. long, reniform in outline, biternately multifid; ultimate segs narrow-linear; petioles 1-4 cm. long

13. crithmifolius

Lamina and petioles not as above

Lamina 2-5 cm. diam., suborbicular or broader than long, 3-lobed to about middle, truncate to cordate at base

14. paucifolius

Lamina 1-4 cm. diam., about suborbicular, 3-lobed to base

12. chordorhizos

Plant creeping and rooting at nodes, or with creeping rhizomes

Plant tufted (occ. stolons may be developed)

Creeping stems or stolons stout, prostrate

36. cheesemanii

Creeping stems (or stolons if present) slender

Plant with at least some hairs

Plant completely glab

Rootstock stout, creeping, branching; lamina cuneate or obovate-cuneate

37. pachyrrhizus

Rootstock short, not creeping; stems creeping and rooting; lamina not as above

Petiole 2.5-7·5 cm. long; lflts with long petioles

38. ternatifolius

Petiole 1-4 cm. long; lflts sessile or subsessile

39. depressus

Plant creeping by underground stems or rhizomes

Plant creeping by overground stems or stolons

Petals spathulate; lflts sessile or subsessile

25. acaulis

Petals linear-oblong; lflts long-stalked

38. ternatifolius

Lamina 3-lobed to 3-partite; style short

42. biternatus

Lamina 3-7-partite to base; style rather long

Lamina 2-7 cm. long; petioles 12-24 cm. long

40. macropus

Lamina 0·5-4 cm. long; petioles 2-16 cm. long

41. rivularis

Lamina > 5 cm. long (up to 20 cm.)

Lamina not > 5 cm. long

Achenes compressed and margined

Achenes not compressed, or if slightly so then not margined (may be keeled)

Plant stout, erect or nearly so; lvs 3-partite

34. subscaposus

Plant slender, spreading; lvs 3-foliolate

Petioles not > 10 cm. long; achenes compressed; style short

21. hirtus

Petioles mostly well over 10 cm. long; achenes much compressed; styles long

22. urvilleanus

Lvs and/or petioles densely hairy

Lvs and/or petioles glab. or nearly so

Lamina hairs closely appressed

34. subscaposus

Lamina hairs spreading or hardly appressed

Achenes somewhat compressed; sepals hairy

35. aucklandicus

Achenes turgid; sepals glab. or nearly so

10. clivalis

Radical lvs 3-5-foliolate or still more compound

Radical lvs ± deeply 3-lobed, but not 3-foliolate

Lamina 3-foliolate; terminal lflt stalked, lateral sessile or subsessile (some laminae may be entire or shallowly lobed)

24. kirkii

Lamina 3-5-foliolate; all lflts stalked, or lamina still further divided into stalked lflts

17. enysii

Cauline lvs absent or bract-like

7. pinguis

Cauline lvs ± dissected, not reduced to bracts

Fls ∞, 2-4 cm. diam.; petals emarginate

9. nivicolus

Fls rather few, 1-2.5 cm. diam.; petals rounded at apex

10. clivalis

Achenes compressed and margined

Achenes turgid, or if ± compressed then not margined (may be keeled)

Plant depressed, not > 5 cm. tall

23. recens

Plant not depressed, well over 5 cm. tall

Lvs distinctly 3-foliolate or still more compound

Lvs ± 3-lobed or -partite, but not compound

Plant glab.; cauline lvs absent

26. petriei

Plant us. pilose; cauline lvs present

Petioles not > 10 cm. long; achenes compressed; style short

21. hirtus

Petioles mostly well over 10 cm. long; achenes much compressed; style long

22. urvilleanus

Plant stout, known only from subantarctic islands

34. subscaposus

Plant slender, known only from S.

Petals twice length of ovate sepals; achenes ± ciliate near style

33. porrectus

Petals hardly longer than oblong sepals; achenes not ciliate

32. foliosus

Lamina glab. or nearly so

Lamina distinctly but sts sparsely hairy

Lamina lobed, sts nearly to base, but not compound

Lamina 3-foliolate to much dissected

Lamina us. well over 2 cm. diam.; petiole ± 4 cm. long (if lamina not or hardly > 2 cm. diam., then petioles ± 10 cm. long)

Lamina not > 2 cm. diam.; petioles not > 2.5 cm. long

Cauline lvs much dissected

10. clivalis

Cauline lvs lobed, but not dissected, or absent

Plant and petioles very slender; fls not > 8 mm. diam.

26. petriei

Plant and petioles stout; fls mostly 1-2.5 cm. diam.

Style straight, narrowly 3-winged at base

7. pinguis

Style hooked, 2-winged at base

8. grahamii

Lvs coriac.

Lvs membr.

Petioles 2.5-5 cm. long; lamina 2-5 cm. diam.

14. paucifolius

Petioles 1-2.5 cm. long; lamina 1-2 cm. diam

15. berggrenii

Petioles rather slender; petals narrow obcuneate; style straight

29. carsei

Petioles stout; petals broadly oblong; style hooked

36. cheesemanii

Nectary glands 3

20. sericophyllus

Nectary gland 1

Plant depressed; not or hardly > 4 cm. tall

Plant not depressed; us. well over 4 cm. tall

Rootstock stout, creeping, branched; fls 1-2 cm. diam.; style stout

37. pachyrrhizus

Rootstock slender, not creeping; fls not > 1cm. diam.; style minute

39. depressus

Scapes stout, fleshy, < very fleshy lvs

13. crithmifolius

Scapes slender, not fleshy or hardly so, > the membr. or somewhat fleshy lvs

Lvs 3-foliolate, lflts 3-lobed (some laminae may be simple and entire or shallowly lobed)

Lvs much dissected, or if 3-foliolate then lflts deeply cut

Petioles terete, 2.5-8 cm. long; scapes 7-14 cm. long

26. petriei

Petioles flattened, 1-2.5 cm. long; scapes 2-7·5 cm. long

16. novae-zelandiae

Lvs 3-5-foliolate or biternate

17. enysii

Lvs pinnately compound

Ultimate segs of lamina narrow-linear

19. sinclairii

Ultimate segs of lamina ± oblong, cuneately narrowed to base

18. gracilipes

Plant depressed, not > 4 cm. tall

Plant not depressed, us. well over 4 cm. tall

Fls 1-2 cm. diam.; petals distinctly > sepals

37. pachyrrhizus

Fls not over 1 cm. diam.; petals not or hardly > sepals

Sepals linear-oblong; petals linear-spathulate; achenes slightly compressed, margined

23. recens

Sepals ovate; petals oblong; achenes somewhat swollen, not margined

39. depressus

Laminae finely dissected

Laminae not finely dissected

Ultimate segs of lamina narrow-linear

19. sinclairii

Ultimate segs of lamina oblong, cuneately narrowed to base

18. gracilipes

Fls subsessile at anthesis; plant small; petioles not or hardly > 3 cm. long; laminae seldom > 2 cm. diam.

Fls distinctly stalked at anthesis; plant larger; petioles mostly > 6 cm. long; laminae us. well over 2 cm. diam.

Sepals glab.; petals narrow-obcuneate, style straight

29. carsei

Sepals pilose; petals oblong; style hooked

31. insertus

Plant very slender; most lvs 3-foliolate; cauline lvs spathulate, bract-like, or absent

24. kirkii

Plant rather stout; no lvs 3-foliolate; cauline lvs resembling radical

Stem us. several times branched; hairs soft, fulvous

32. foliosus

Scapes seldom branched; hairs stiff, white

35. aucklandicus

Fig. 6. RANUNCULUS. Achenes. © All rights reserved. [Image: 4X1S]

Fig. 7. RANUNCULUS. Achenes. © All rights reserved. [Image: 4X1T]

Ranunculus L.

Key

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