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Volume I (1961) - Flora of New Zealand Indigenous Tracheophyta - Psilopsida, Lycopsida, Filicopsida, Gymnospermae, Dicotyledons
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Dicotyledones

DICOTYLEDONES

KEY TO FAMILIES

Key

1
Plant a parasite or hemiparasite
2
Plant holophytic
7
2
Plant lianoid
LAURACEAE
Plant not lianoid
3
3
Plant a root-parasite or root-hemiparasite
4
Plant a stem-parasite or stem-hemiparasite
6
4
Plant completely parasitic, lvs scale-like
BALANOPHORACEAE
Plant a hemiparasite, lvs green
5
5
Plant a herb
SCROPHULARIACEAE
Plant a shrub or tree
SANTALACEAE
6
Plant completely parasitic, lvs scale-like
CONVOLVULACEAE
Plant a hemiparasite, lvs green
LORANTHACEAE
7
Plant a liane
8
Plant not a liane
20
8
Plant bearing prickles
ROSACEAE
Plant lacking prickles
9
9
Lvs compound
10
Lvs simple
12
10
Lvs alt.
PAPILIONACEAE
Lvs opp.
11
11
Per. of petaloid free sepals
RANUNCULACEAE
Per. gamosepalous and gamopetalous
BIGNONIACEAE
12
Lvs opp.
13
Lvs not opp.
14
13
Plant twining
APOCYNACEAE
Plant a root-climber
MYRTACEAE
14
Plant bearing tendrils
15
Plant without tendrils
16
15
Lvs glab.
PASSIFLORACEAE
Lvs scabrid
CUCURBITACEAE
16
Lvs very fleshy, papillose
AIZOACEAE
Lvs not fleshy, not papillose
17
17
Stipules present
POLYGONACEAE
Stipules absent
18
18
Stems twining
CONVOLVULACEAE
Stems not twining
19
19
Lvs coarsely toothed, with scattered hairs
COMPOSITAE
Lvs entire or obscurely toothed, without hairs
ONAGRACEAE
20
Plant a shrub or tree
21
Plant a herb
115
21
Lvs absent or minute
22
Lvs well-developed
27
22
Stems fleshy, except woody base
CHENOPODIACEAE
Stems not fleshy
23
23
Plant bearing stout spines
RHAMNACEAE
Plant lacking spines or prickles
24
24
Lvs absent
PAPILIONACEAE
Lvs minute, scale-like
25
25
Lvs densely imbricated
SCROPHULARIACEAE
Lvs scattered at distinct intervals
26
26
Stipules absent
SANTALACEAE
Stipules present
POLYGONACEAE
27
Lvs compound
28
Lvs simple
34
28
Lvs opp.
29
Lvs alt.
31
29
Lvs stipulate
CUNONIACEAE
Lvs exstipulate
30
30
Lvs gland-dotted
RUTACEAE
Lvs not gland-dotted
VERBENACEAE
31
Lflts distinctly toothed
ARALIACEAE
Lflts entire or obscurely toothed
32
32
Lflts not more than 30 mm. long
PAPILIONACEAE
Lflts 50 mm. or more long
33
33
Lvs glab
MELIACEAE
Lvs pubescent below
SAPINDACEAE
34
Lvs opp.
35
Lvs alt.
58
35
Lvs stipulate
36
Lvs exstipulate
43
36
Lvs with stinging hairs
URTICACEAE
Lvs without stinging hairs
37
37
Lvs entire
38
Lvs toothed
41
38
Plant woody at base only
EUPHORBIACEAE
Plant woody throughout
39
39
Plant bearing spines
RHAMNACEAE
Plant without spines
40
40
Calyx of 4 sepals, petals 4, stamens 8
RUTACEAE
Calyx 5-lobed, corolla 5-4-lobed, stamens 5 to 4
LOGANIACEAE
41
Lvs minutely serrulate
RUBIACEAE
Lvs distinctly serrate
42
42
Stipules small, subulate
CHLORANTHACEAE
Stipules large, toothed
CUNONIACEAE
43
Lvs gland-dotted
MYRTACEAE
Lvs not gland-dotted
44
44
Lvs entire
45
Lvs toothed or lobed
51
45
Branchlets 4-angled
46
Branchlets terete, may be grooved
48
46
Lvs glab
CORIARIACEAE
Lvs. pubescent or hairy, at least below
47
47
Lvs narrow-elongate
COMPOSITAE
Lvs broad, rounded
VERBENACEAE
48
Plant of salt-water, with asparagus-like suckers
AVICENNIACEAE
Plant of dry land, without asparagus-like suckers
49
49
Plant a tree with distinct trunk, or if shrubby then lvs rough
OLEACEAE
Plant a shrub, or if tree-like, then lvs smooth
50
50
Branchlets easily broken by fingers
SCROPHULARIACEAE
Branchlets resistant to breaking by fingers
THYMELAEACEAE
51
Stems 4-angled
52
Stems not 4-angled
53
52
Lvs serrate or crenate, stems scabrid
HALORAGACEAE
Lvs lobed, stems not scabrid
VERBENACEAE
53
Branchlets and lf-surfaces rough
GESNERIACEAE
Branchlets and lf-surfaces smooth
54
54
Fls composite
COMPOSITAE
Fls not composite
55
55
Fls with single per.
MONIMIACEAE
Fls with calyx and corolla
56
56
Stamens 2
SCROPHULARIACEAE
Stamens 4, 6, 10 or ∞
57
57
Corolla gamopetalous, stamens 10
ERICACEAE
Corolla polypetalous, stamens indefinite
ELAEOCARPACEAE
58
Lvs stipulate
59
Lvs exstipulate
71
59
Juice milky
MORACEAE
Juice not milky
60
60
Plant bearing prickles
ROSACEAE
Plant without prickles
61
61
Lvs and/or other parts with stellate hairs
62
Lvs and other parts without stellate hairs
65
62
Stamens 4-5
RHAMNACEAE
Stamens ∞
63
63
Stamens united into tube
MALVACEAE
Stamens free
64
64
Fr. a drupe
ELAEOCARPACEAE
Fr. a prickly capsule
TILIACEAE
65
Branches jointed and swollen at nodes
PIPERACEAE
Branches neither jointed nor swollen at nodes
66
66
Lvs prominently 3-nerved
URTICACEAE
Lvs not prominently 3-nerved
67
67
Stipules sheathing stem
POLYGONACEAE
Stipules not sheathing stem
68
68
Lvs very few, branchlets switch-like
PAPILIONACEAE
Lvs ∞, branchlets not switch-like
69
69
Stamens 5, fls in umbels
ARALIACEAE
Stamens > 5, fls not in umbels
70
70
Stamens free
FAGACEAE
Stamens united into a tube
MALVACEAE
71
Lvs gland-dotted
72
Lvs not gland-dotted
76
72
Lf-buds very viscid
MYOPORACEAE
Lf-buds not viscid
73
73
Lvs crenate
RUTACEAE
Lvs entire or obscurely toothed
74
74
Lvs narrow, acute, not > 15 mm. long
MYRTACEAE
Lvs much longer, or if not, then not narrow
75
75
Lvs glaucous below, or blotched, stamens 6-15
WINTERACEAE
Lvs not glaucous below, stamens 4-5
MYRSINACEAE
76
Plant with milky juice
77
Plant with watery juice
80
77
Fr. a capsule
EUPHORBIACEAE
Fr. a drupe or berry
78
78
Fls solitary or two together
SAPOTACEAE
Fls in panicles
79
79
Lvs showing domatia below
ANACARDIACEAE
Lvs without domatia below
CORYNOCARPACEAE
80
Plant woody at base only
81
Plant woody throughout
82
81
Plant prostrate or procumbent, fls minute, greenish
CHENOPODIACEAE
Plant erect, fls with large white petals
LINACEAE
82
Lvs very few, branchlets switch-like
PAPILIONACEAE
Lvs ∞, branchlets not switch-like
83
83
Fls composite
COMPOSITAE
Fls not composite
84
84
Bark papery
ONAGRACEAE
Bark not papery
85
85
Fls in umbels
86
Fls not in umbels
87
86
Ovary inferior
ARALIACEAE
Ovary superior
LAURACEAE
87
Fls solitary
88
Fls not solitary
94
88
Corolla polypetalous
89
Corolla gamopetalous
90
89
Petals yellow
CORNACEAE
Petals dark
PITTOSPORACEAE
90
Ovary inferior
91
Ovary superior
92
91
Lvs glab. or nearly so
CAPRIFOLIACEAE
Lvs silky-hairy
GOODENIACEAE
92
Stamens 10, anthers awned
ERICACEAE
Stamens 5, anthers not awned
93
93
Anthers one-celled, splitting longitudinally, lvs grasslike, or if not then tough with prominent longitudinal veins
EPACRIDACEAE
Anthers two-celled, opening by pores, lvs not grasslike, not tough, veins reticulate
SOLANACEAE
94
Fls in fascicles or heads
95
Fls neither in fascicles nor in heads
97
95
Per. with both calyx and corolla
CAPRIFOLIACEAE
Per. Single
96
96
Fr. crowned by scar of per., large, narrow
SANTALACEAE
Fr. enclosed in base of per., small, globular
THYMELAEACEAE
97
Ovary inferior
98
Ovary superior
101
98
Per. Single
SANTALACEAE
Per. of calyx and corolla
99
99
Fr. a capsule
ESCALLONIACEAE
Fr. a drupe or berry
100
100
Branchlets and lvs glab. or nearly so
ARALIACEAE
Branchlets and lvs tomentose
CORNACEAE
101
Fr. very viscid
NYCTAGINACEAE
Fr. not viscid
102
102
Fr. dry, capsular
103
Fr. a drupe or berry
109
103
Capsule bristly
TILIACEAE
Capsule not bristly
104
104
Seed with scarlet aril
SAPINDACEAE
Seed without scarlet aril
105
105
Per. Single
PROTEACEAE
Per. with calyx and corolla
106
106
Corolla gamopetalous
107
Corolla polypetalous
108
107
Stamens 5
EPACRIDACEAE
Stamens 10
ERICACEAE
108
Seeds immersed in a viscous fluid
PITTOSPORACEAE
Seeds not immersed in fluid
ESCALLONIACEAE
109
Per. Single
110
Per. of calyx and corolla
111
110
Stamens 4
PROTEACEAE
Stamens 9-12
LAURACEAE
111
Corolla polypetalous
112
Corolla gamopetalous
113
112
Ripe fr. black, < 12 mm. long
ICACINACEAE
Ripe fr. orange, 25 mm. long or more
CORYNOCARPACEAE
113
Stamens 10, anthers awned
ERICACEAE
Stamens 5, anthers not awned
114
114
Fr. a berry with many seeds
SOLANACEAE
Fr. drupaceous, with not > 5 pyrenes
EPACRIDACEAE
115
Fls composite
COMPOSITAE
Fls not composite
116
116
Lvs with stalked, sticky glands
DROSERACEAE
Lvs without stalked, sticky glands
117
117
Plant bearing bladders
LENTIBULARIACEAE
Plant not bearing bladders
118
118
Lvs opp. or in opp. whorls
119
Lvs radical or alt., or in alt. clusters
144
119
Lvs showing pellucid dots
HYPERICACEAE
Lvs without pellucid dots
120
120
Stems and lvs succulent
121
Stems and lvs not succulent
122
121
Fls in spikes, lvs not triquetrous
PIPERACEAE
Fls solitary or paired, lvs triquetrous
AIZOACEAE
122
Lvs stipulate
123
Lvs exstipulate
129
123
Juice milky
EUPHORBIACEAE
Juice watery
124
124
Fr. succulent, or if dry then of 2 ind. cocci
RUBIACEAE
Fr. dry, not of 2 ind. cocci
125
125
Fr. an achene or nut
URTICACEAE
Fr. a capsule
126
126
Sepals 3, petals if present 3, stamens and styles 3
ELATINACEAE
Sepals etc. not in threes
127
127
Capsules splitting from below upwards into 5 carpels
GERANIACEAE
Capsules dehiscing in a different fashion
128
128
Capsules of 2 valves, opening along the inner margins
LOGANIACEAE
Capsules of > 2 valves, dehiscing apically (occ. ind.)
CARYOPHYLLACEAE
129
Fls without a per.
130
Fls with a per.
131
130
Stamen 1
CALLITRICHACEAE
Stamens 4 or 5
CHENOPODIACEAE
131
Per. single
132
Per. of calyx and corolla
134
132
Fls solitary or paired; stamen 1
ILLECEBRACEAE
Fls clustered, or in compound infls; stamens 2-5
133
133
Fr. with broad corky wings
AMARANTHACEAE
Fr. without broad corky wings
CHENOPODIACEAE
134
Fr. a drupe
HALORAGACEAE
Fr. not a drupe
135
135
Fr. of 3-5 separate carpels
CRASSULACEAE
Fr. a capsule or nut
136
136
Fr. a nut or nutlets
137
Fr. a capsule
139
137
Corolla absent or of separate petals
HALORAGACEAE
Corolla gamopetalous
138
138
Calyx 5-toothed, 2-lipped
LABIATAE
Calyx 4-toothed, regular
TETRACHONDRACEAE
139
Calyx of 2 sepals
PORTULACACEAE
Calyx of 4-5 sepals, or gamosepalous
140
140
Corolla absent or of 4-5 petals
141
Corolla gamopetalous
142
141
Ovary superior
CARYOPHYLLACAEAE
Ovary inferior
ONAGRACEAE
142
Ovary inferior
CAMPANULACEAE
Ovary superior
143
143
Corolla irregular, stamens 2 or 4, in pairs
SCROPHULARIACEAE
Corolla regular, stamens 4 or 5, not paired
GENTIANACEAE
144
Lvs stipulate
145
Lvs exstipulate
158
145
Lvs compound
156
Lvs simple
150
146
Lvs pinnate
147
Lvs trifoliate or irregularly compound
148
147
Fr. of achenes, sts cupulate
ROSACEAE
Fr. an inflated pod
PAPILIONACAEAE
148
Fr. a capsule
OXALIDACEAE
Fr. not a capsule
149
149
Fr. of two coherent carpels
UMBELLIFERAE
Fr. of achenes or follicles
RANUNCULACEAE
150
Lvs with stinging hairs
URTICACEAE
Lvs without stinging hairs
151
151
Juice milky
EUPHORBIACEAE
Juice watery
152
152
Stipules sheathing stem
POLYGONACEAE
Stipules not sheathing stem
153
153
Petioles fistular
ARALIACEAE
Petioles not fistular
154
154
Lvs succulent, papillose
AIZOACEAE
Lvs not succulent, not papillose
155
155
Fr. a three-valved capsule
VIOLACEAE
Fr. not a three-valved capsule
156
156
Fr. dehiscing into two mericarps
UMBELLIFERAE
Fr. dehiscing otherwise or ind.
157
157
Stamens ∞, united into tube
MALVACEAE
Stamens not > 10, free
GERANIACEAE
158
Fr. a pod
CRUCIFERAE
Fr. not a pod
159
159
Sepals 2
PORTULACACEAE
Sepals absent, or > 2
160
160
Per. absent
161
Per. present
162
161
Fr. an utricle, concealed by persistent bracts
CHENOPODIACEAE
Fr. a berry, not concealed
PIPERACEAE
162
Per. single
163
Per. of calyx and corolla
165
163
Fr. of achenes or follicles
RANUNCULACEAE
Fr. neither of achenes nor of follicles
164
164
Fls yellowish, white or pink
AIZOACEAE
Fls greenish, inconspicuous
CHENOPODIACEAE
165
Ovary inferior
166
Ovary superior
175
166
Stamens 2
167
Stamens > 2
169
167
Stamens united into a column
STYLIDIACEAE
Stamens free
168
168
Sepals 5, petals 5, fr. a capsule
DONATIACEAE
Sepals 4, petals 4, 2, or 3, fr. a nut or drupe
HALORAGACEAE
169
Calyx 4-lobed, petals 4
170
Calyx 5-lobed, corolla 5-lobed or petals 5
171
170
Fr. an elongated capsule
ONAGRACEAE
Fr. a nut or drupe
HALORAGACEAE
171
Fr. splitting into 2 mericarps
UMBELLIFERAE
Fr. not so dehiscing
172
172
Fr. baccate or drupaceous
173
Fr. capsular
174
173
Anthers free
GOODENIACEAE
Anthers cohering
LOBELIACEAE
174
Placentation free central
PRIMULACEAE
Placentation otherwise
CAMPANULACEAE
175
Lvs all radical
176
Lvs not all radical
177
176
Fr. a circumscissile capsule
PLANTAGINACEAE
Fr. of achenes
RANUNCULACEAE
177
Sepals free or absent
178
Sepals united
181
178
Fr. of achenes, follicles or cocci
179
Fr. a capsule
180
179
Fr. of 1-2-3 smooth rounded cocci
STACKHOUSIACEAE
Fr. of > 5 achenes or follicles
RANUNCULACEAE
180
Corolla polypetalous
LINACEAE
Corolla gamopetalous
CONVOLVULACEAE
181
Fr. a berry
SOLANACEAE
Fr. not a berry
182
182
Fr. of 4 nutlets
BORAGINACEAE
Fr. a capsule
183
183
Ovary one-celled, two parietal placentas
GENTIANACEAE
Ovary 2-celled, placentas affixed to septum
SCROPHULARIACEAE

KEY TO GENERA

Key

1
Plant a parasite or hemiparasite or saprophyte
2
Plant holophytic
11
2
Lvs absent or reduced to scales
3
Lvs well-developed
6
3
Plant a root-parasite with hard woody rhizome
DACTYLANTHUS
Plant not a root-parasite
4
4
Herb. tufted, small; stems succulent or softly woody
KORTHALSELLA
Herb. stems slender, elongate; attached to host by suckers
5
5
Stems tough; fr. globose, size of pea
CASSYTHA
Stems delicate; fr. a circumscissile capsule
CUSCUTA
6
Plant a herb with conspicuous white 2-lipped fls
EUPHRASIA
Plant a shrub or tree
7
7
Plant a tree, attached to roots of host
MIDA
Plant a shrub, attached to stems of host
8
8
Fls small, greenish yellow
9
Fls large, showy, yellow to red
10
9
Per. Single
TUPEIA
Per. double
LORANTHUS
10
Anthers versatile
PHRYGILANTHUS
Anthers basifixed
ELYTRANTHE
11
Plant a woody liane
12
Plant not a liane
24
12
Lvs opp
13
Lvs alt.
15
13
Lvs compound
13A
Lvs simple
14
13A
Petioles twining, fls dioec.
CLEMATIS
Petioles not twining, fls hermaphrodite
TECOMANTHE
14
Lvs gland-dotted, stems rooting
METROSIDEROS
Lvs not gland-dotted, stems twining
PARSONSIA
15
Lvs or lflts toothed or lobed
16
Lvs or lflts entire
21
16
Lvs and stems prickly
RUBUS
Lvs and stems not prickly
17
17
Lvs merely toothed
18
Lvs deeply lobed
19
18
Lvs pubescent, coarsely toothed
SENECIO
Lvs glab., obscurely toothed
FUCHSIA
19
Stipules prominent, forming an ocrea
MUEHLENBECKIA
Stipules absent
20
20
Lvs rough with stiff hairs; frs scabrid
SICYOS
Lvs glab.; frs not scabrid
IPOMOEA
21
Lvs stipulate; tendrils present; fr. a thick-skinned berry 1-1·5 cm. diam.
TETRAPATHAEA
Lvs exstipulate; tendrils absent; fr. not as above
22
22
Lvs fleshy, papillose; fls small, yellow
TETRAGONIA
Lvs not fleshy, not papillose, fls not yellow, or if yellow then in heads
23
23
Fls small, grouped in heads
HELICHRYSUM
Fls white or pink, showy
23A
23A
Lvs simple
CALYSTEGIA
Lvs trifoliolate
CANAVALIA
24
Plant a shrub or tree, or if herbaceous, woody at base
25
Plant completely herbaceous
176
25
Lvs absent or reduced to scales
26
Lvs present, not reduced to scales
30
26
Fls minute, per. single, fr. a black nut on thickened red peduncle
EXOCARPUS
Fls showy, papilionaceous, fr. a pod
27
27
Pods linear, jointed, 1-3 cm. long
NOTOSPARTIUM
Pods oblong to orbicular, not jointed, not more than 1 cm. long
28
28
Final stems very short, deeply grooved
CORALLOSPARTIUM
Final stems slender, finely grooved
29
29
Pod ind., branchlets pend., seeds 1 or 2
CHORDOSPARTIUM
Pod dehiscent, seeds several, or if ind. or if seeds 1 or 2, then branchlets not pend
CARMICHAELIA
30
Lvs compound
31
Lvs simple
46
31
Lvs opp., or in opp. fascicles, or whorled
32
Lvs alternate or in alternate fascicles
36
32
Branchlets 4-angled
TEUCRIDIUM
Branchlets terete
33
33
Lvs gland-dotted
MELICOPE
Lvs not gland-dotted
34
34
Corolla gamopetalous, 2-lipped; fr. a drupe
VITEX
Corolla of separate petals, regular; fr. a capsule
35
35
Fls in large panicles
ACKAMA
Fls in racemes
WEINMANNIA
36
Lvs gland-dotted
MELICOPE
Lvs not gland-dotted
37
37
Fls papilionaceous
38
Fls not papilionaceous
41
38
Lvs pinnate with ∞ pinnae
39
Lvs 3-5-foliolate or absent
40
39
Fls yellow
SOPHORA
Fls white, pink or red
CLIANTHUS
40
Branches stout, deeply grooved
CORALLOSPARTIUM
Branches slender, striate or grooved
CARMICHAELIA
41
Seeds black, shiny, embedded in scarlet aril
ALECTRYON
Seeds not as above
42
42
Fls in composite head, surrounded by phyllaries
SENECIO
Fls not in composite heads
43
43
Fls waxy white, in panicles, cauliflorous
DYSOXYLUM
Fls not waxy white, not cauliflorous, umbellate
44
44
Umbels racemosely arranged on branches
SCHEFFLERA
Umbels not racemosely arranged
45
45
Styles distinct, recurved
NEOPANAX
Styles connate into cone
PSEUDOPANAX
46
Lvs opp.
47
Lvs alt.
90
47
Branchlets distinctly 4-angled
48
Branchlets terete
51
48
Fls in composite heads, with phyllaries
OLEARIA
Fls not in composite heads
49
49
Stamens 4 or 8
49A
Stamens > 8
50
49A
Lvs entire, fls 5-merous
TEUCRIDIUM
Lvs toothed, fls 4-merous
HALORAGIS
50
Stamens 10, ovary superior, surrounded by greatly enlarged and succulent petals in fr.
CORIARIA
Stamens ∞, in many series; ovary inferior, crowned by persistent calyx-lobes in fr.
EUGENIA
51
Plant bearing rigid spines
DISCARIA
Plant without spines
52
52
Plant with stinging hairs
URTICA
Plant without stinging hairs
53
53
Lvs gland-dotted
54
Lvs not gland-dotted
58
54
Stamens not > 8
55
Stamens ∞
56
55
Per. of 4 sepals and 4 petals
MELICOPE
Per. single, 4-6-lobed
MIDA
56
Fls solitary
56A
Fls in compound infl.
57
56A
Sepals and petals 4, ovules in 1 series
LOPHOMYRTUS
Sepals and petals 5, ovules in 2 series
NEOMYRTUS
57
Fr. a capsule
METROSIDEROS
Fr. a red berry
EUGENIA
58
Plant woody towards base only
59
Plant woody throughout
66
59
Fr. a small crimson berry
RHAGODIA
Fr. dry, capsular or nutlike
60
60
Fr. of 4 nutlets; calyx 2-lipped
SCUTELLARIA
Fr. not of 4 nutlets; calyx regular
61
61
Fr. elongate, seed with tuft of hairs
EPILOBIUM
Fr. short, seed without hairs
62
62
Capsule splitting into three 2-valved cocci
PORANTHERA
Fr. not so splitting
63
63
Corolla of 4 free petals or absent
HALORAGIS
Corolla gamopetalous
64
64
Corolla with 4-5 subequal spreading lobes, stamens 2
PARAHEBE
Corolla 2-lipped
65
65
Upper lip 2-lobed, lower lip 3-lobed; stamens 4
EUPHRASIA
Both lips entire, stamens 2
JOVELLANA
66
Lvs stipulate
67
Lvs exstipulate
72
67
Stipules interpetiolar, forming a line or sheath
68
Stipules not as above
71
68
Fr. a berry
COPROSMA
Fr. a capsule
69
69
Plant a tree with coarsely toothed lvs
WEINMANNIA
Plant a shrub with entire lvs
70
70
Plant a depressed shrub with lvs < 1 cm. long
LOGANIA
Plant an erect shrub with lvs 4-8 cm. long
GENIOSTOMA
71
Branchlets jointed at nodes; fls lacking per.; fr. a drupe
ASCARINA
Branchlets not jointed at nodes; fls with calyx and corolla; fr. a capsule
WEINMANNIA
72
Fr. of 5-10 cocci, enclosed in enlarged succulent petals; petals much < sepals in fl.
CORIARIA
Fr. and petals not as above
73
73
Lvs toothed or lobed
74
Lvs entire
82
74
Fr. a berry or drupe
75
Fr. a capsule or nut
76
75
Per. single; fr. a drupe
HEDYCARYA
Per. of calyx and corolla; fr. a berry
ARISTOTELIA
76
Ovary inferior
HALORAGIS
Ovary superior
77
77
Per. single; fr. of achenes with plumose styles
LAURELIA
Per. of calyx and corolla; fr. a capsule
78
78
Corolla of 5 free petals; capsule 5-celled
IXERBA
Corolla gamopetalous; capsule 2-celled
79
79
Stamens 10
GAULTHERIA
Stamens not > 4
80
80
Stamens 4, fls yellowish or red
RHABDOTHAMNUS
Stamens 2, fls white, bluish or purplish
81
81
Septum across narrowest diam. of capsule
PARAHEBE
Septum across widest diam. of capsule
HEBE
82
Per. single
83
Per. of calyx and corolla
87
83
Fr. a utricle enclosed in viscid perianth
HEIMERLIODENDRON
Fr. a drupe (which may have a dry exocarp and appear nutlike) or an aggregate of drupes
84
84
Stamens ∞, fr. an aggregate of drupes
HEDYCARYA
Stamens not > 6, fr. a single drupe
85
85
Drupe small, dry or fleshy, enclosed in base of per.; plant a shrub
PIMELEA
Drupe 8 mm. diam. or more; plant a tree
86
86
Per. segs with tuft of hairs at base; stigma 3-4-lobed
MIDA
Per. segs without tuft of hairs at base; stigma 2-lobed
OLEA
87
Stamens ∞; fr. a small red berry
EUGENIA
Stamens not > 8, fr. a capsule or nut
88
88
Stamens 4, capsule 2.5 cm. diam., seed solitary
AVICENNIA
Stamens 2, capsule smaller, seeds ∞
89
89
Septum across narrowest diam. of capsule
PARAHEBE
Septum across widest diam. of capsule
HEBE
90
Fls papilionaceous, lvs few
91
Fls not papilionaceous, lvs ∞
94
91
Pod linear, with jointed segs
NOTOSPARTIUM
Pod short, relatively broad, not jointed
92
92
Branchlets stout, rigid, deeply grooved
CORALLOSPARTIUM
Branchlets slender, finely grooved
93
93
Pod dehiscent, or if ind. then small
CARMICHAELIA
Pod ind., 5mm. long, seed solitary
CHORDOSPARTIUM
94
Plant woody at base only
95
Plant woody throughout
111
95
Fls composite, subtended by phyllaries
96
Fls not composite
102
96
Outer florets white, ligulate, forming a distinct ray
97
Outer florets tubular, without conspicuous ray
98
97
Lvs densely arranged, achenes much flattened
CELMISIA
Lvs scattered, achenes not or little flattened
VITTADINIA
98
Plant forming dense cushions or low mats
99
Plant not forming dense cushions or mats
101
99
Heads solitary
100
Heads corymbosely arranged or clustered
GNAPHALIUM
100
Anther cells produced at base into filiform tails
RAOULIA
Anther cells not so produced
HAASTIA
101
Lvs greyish, heads corymbosely arranged; bracts white-tipped and papery
EWARTIA
Lvs silvery, heads densely congested; bracts white and densely woolly
LEUCOGENES
102
Capsule elongate, seeds with tuft of hairs
EPILOBIUM
Capsule not elongate, seeds without tuft of hairs
103
103
Lvs stipulate
104
Lvs exstipulate
105
104
Fls large, over 5 cm. diam., pale yellow with chocolate brown centre
HIBISCUS
Fls minute, inconspicuous, colourless
PORANTHERA
105
Fls large, conspicuous, white
106
Fls minute, inconspicuous
107
106
Lvs entire, glab.
LINUM
Lvs toothed, hairy
SCAEVOLA
107
Fr. a small red berry
RHAGODIA
Fr. capsular or nutlike or a utricle
108
108
Fls with 4-lobed calyx and 4 free petals
HALORAGIS
Fls with per. single or 0
109
109
Per. fleshy in fruiting stage
SUAEDA
Per. dry or 0
110
110
Fls unisexual, fr. enveloped by 2 large triangular bracts
110A
Fls perfect, fr. not enveloped by bracts
CHENOPODIUM
110A
Lvs with watery papillae; utricle transverse to bracts
THELEOPHYTON
Lvs glab. or with soft hairs; utricle || bracts
ATRIPLEX
111
Lvs stipulate
112
Lvs exstipulate
128
112
Branchlets jointed and swollen at nodes, lvs ovate-cordate, plant perfectly glab. shrub with fleshy catkins
MACROPIPER
Plant not with all characters as above in combination
113
113
Fls in simple or compound umbels
114
Fls not in umbels
116
114
Stamens ∞, fr. a globose echinate capsule; plant clothed in soft stellate tomentum
ENTELEA
Stamens 5, fr. glab., plant glab
115
115
Styles connate into cone
PSEUDOPANAX
Styles distinct
NEOPANAX
116
Juice milky
117
Juice not milky
118
117
Lvs coriac., ± oblong, length > breadth
PARATROPHIS
Lvs membr., ± triangular, length = breadth
HOMALANTHUS
118
Per. single
119
Per. of calyx and corolla
121
119
Fr. a capsule splitting into 3 cocci; tomentum includes stellate hairs
POMADERRIS
Fr. a nut or achene; no stellate hairs
119A
119A
Lvs 8-10 cm. long, hoary-pubescent below; nut terete
BOEHMERIA
Lvs not > 5 cm. long, not hoary-pubescent; nut trigonous
120
120
Stipules persistent, forming an ocrea; nut enclosed in the succulent per. in fr.
MUEHLENBECKIA
Stipules fugaceous; nut enclosed in the hardened involucre in fr.
NOTHOFAGUS
121
Lvs 20 cm. long or more, broadly oblong, thick and coriac., glossy above
MERYTA
Lvs much smaller, not at all as above
122
122
Lvs glab.
123
Lvs and branchlets clothed in stellate hairs
125
123
Fr. dry, of 5 carpels; stamens ∞
HOHERIA
Fr. a berry; stamens 5
124
124
Anthers free
MELICYTUS
Anthers connate into tube
HYMENANTHERA
125
Stamens free
126
Stamens united into column
127
126
Stamens ∞, fr. echinate
ENTELEA
Stamens 5, fr. not echinate
POMADERRIS
127
Fls white, showy
HOHERIA
Fls greenish, small
PLAGIANTHUS
128
Fls composite, surrounded by phyllaries
129
Fls not composite
135
129
Phyllaries densely imbricated in many series
PACHYSTEGIA
Phyllaries in 1 or few series
130
130
Anther cells with filiform tails
131
Anther cells without filiform tails
132
131
Receptacle naked
HELICHRYSUM
Receptacle with white-tipped scales
CASSINIA
132
Style branches flattened, produced into a triangular appendage
OLEARIA
Style branches truncate
133
133
Lvs evenly serrate, glab., glutinous when young; phyllaries in one series, rigid, glandular-pubescent; bark papery
TRAVERSIA
Plant not with all characters as above in combination
134
134
Capitula in large scented panicles; phyllaries in one series, scarious, ray florets with ligules very short, sts 2-lipped
BRACHYGLOTTIS
Capitula not in panicles, scentless; phyllaries not as above; female florets tubular or absent or with long ligules
SENECIO
135
Lvs gland-dotted
136
Lvs not gland-dotted
140
136
Stamens ∞, fr. 5-celled, woody
LEPTOSPERMUM
Stamens not > 15, fr. not as above
137
137
Lf buds dark, viscid; lvs serrulate
MYOPORUM
Lf buds not viscid; lvs entire or crenate
138
138
Fls in corymbs, fragrant; fr. dehiscent, lvs obscurely crenate
PHEBALIUM
Fls, frs and lvs otherwise
139
139
Calyx saucer-shaped with rim entire or irregularly shallowly lobed; lvs glaucous below
PSEUDOWINTERA
Calyx deeply 4- to 5-lobed, lvs not glaucous
139A
139A
Corolla > calyx, petals united at base only
MYRSINE
Corolla < calyx, wholly or almost wholly tubular
ELINGAMITA
140
Seeds immersed in viscid fluid; fr. a woody valvate capsule
PITTOSPORUM
Seeds not immersed in viscid fluid; fr. as above or otherwise
141
141
Domatia present in the lvs; filaments folded in bud
PLECTOMIRTHA
Domatia absent; filaments not folded in the bud
142
142
Fr. a capsule or nut
143
Fr. a berry or drupe
155
143
Per. single
144
Per. of calyx and corolla
148
144
Fr. broadly winged
DODONAEA
Fr. not broadly winged
145
145
Fr. a woody pubescent follicle, splitting into 2 valves 4-5 cm. long; fls red in short broad spikes
KNIGHTIA
Fr. otherwise; fls otherwise
146
146
Plant a soft-wooded shrub; fr. enclosed in 2 triangular bracts
ATRIPLEX
Plant a tree; fr. enclosed in persistent per. or involucre
147
147
Lvs entire; fruiting per. viscid, not woody
HEIMERLIODENDRON
Lvs crenate or serrate; fruiting involucre woody
NOTHOFAGUS
148
Corolla of 5 free petals
149
Corolla gamopetalous
152
149
Ovary superior
150
Ovary inferior
151
150
Fls 2-4 cm. across, white; lvs toothed with teeth tipped with glands
IXERBA
Fls 1 cm. diam. or less, red or creamy; lvs not so
PITTOSPORUM
151
Fls in panicles, white; capsule ind., pealike
CARPODETUS
Fls in racemes, pale lilac; capsule dehiscent
QUINTINIA
152
Anthers 2-celled, dehiscing by pores, stamens 10
GAULTHERIA
Anthers 1-celled, dehiscing longitudinally, stamens 5
153
153
Lvs with sheathing bases
DRACOPHYLLUM
Lvs petiolate, not sheathing
154
154
Bracts few, fls in racemes
ARCHERIA
Bracts ∞, fls solitary
EPACRIS
155
Per. single
156
Per. of calyx and corolla
163
156
Fls in heads or clusters
157
Fls in racemes, panicles or cymes
158
157
Stamens 2, per. without scales
PIMELEA
Stamens 4, per. with scales
DRAPETES
158
Stamens 9 or 12
159
Stamens not > 6
160
159
Fls in umbellate racemes, dioec.
LITSEA
Fls panicled, hermaphrodite
BEILSCHMIEDIA
160
Stamens 2, fls densely placed
PIMELEA
Stamens 4 or more, fls not densely clustered
161
161
Lvs not very thick and coriac.; frs crowned by annular scar
MIDA
Lvs very thick and coriac., frs not crowned by annular scar
162
162
Lvs narrow, linear-lanceolate
PERSOONIA
Lvs broadly ovate to oblong
GRISELINIA
163
Corolla gamopetalous
164
Corolla polypetalous
171
164
Lvs serrate-dentate, corolla split to base at back
SCAEVOLA
Lvs entire or with few blunt teeth, corolla not split
165
165
Anthers connivent into cone
SOLANUM
Anthers not connivent
166
166
Plant a tree; fr. a drupe 2.5 cm. long; juice of branchlets milky
PLANCHONELLA
Plant a shrub, fr. not > 12 mm. long; juice not milky
167
167
Lvs not heath-like, fls large, crimson to yellow
ALSEUOSMIA
Lvs heath-like, fls small, white or greenish
168
168
Stamens 10, anthers opening by pores
PERNETTYA
Stamens 5, anthers opening by longitudinal slits
169
169
Fruit with up to 10 separate pyrenes
PENTACHONDRA
Fruit with single hard endocarp
170
170
Bracts few
CYATHODES (LEUCOPOGON)
Bracts ∞
CYATHODES
171
Lvs membr., deciduous; bark papery
FUCHSIA
Lvs coriac., persistent, bark not papery
172
172
Fls yellow, petals with scale at base; lvs silvery white below
COROKIA
Fls not yellow; petals without scale at base; lvs glab.
173
173
Fls white, showy, in racemes
ELAEOCARPUS
Fls green or greenish white, not showy, in panicles
174
174
Drupe 2 cm. or more long, green ripening to orange, fls hermaphrodite
CORYNOCARPUS
Drupe not > 1 cm. long, dark, fls dioec.
175
175
Lvs shallowly lobed; anthers long, versatile; filaments folded in bud
PENNANTIA
Lvs entire, anthers not versatile; filaments short
GRISELINIA
176
Fls composite
177
Fls not composite, though may be compacted into heads
202
177
All florets ligulate, yellow, plant with cop. milky juice
178
All florets tubular, or with marginal ray; plant without or with little milky juice
182
178
Plant with lfy branches bearing fls
179
Plant with radical lvs, fls on unbranched lfless scapes
180
179
Pappus hairs plumose
PICRIS
Pappus hairs simple
SONCHUS
180
Pappus hairs serrulate or plumose, widened into flat scales below or not
MICROSERIS
Pappus hairs simple, capillary
181
181
Achene with pappus raised on slender filiform beak
TARAXACUM
Achene without beak
KIRKIANELLA
182
Pappus absent or of minute scales or bristles or of rigid barbed awns
183
Pappus of slender hairs
190
183
Achenes with a pappus of 2-4 rigid barbed awns
BIDENS
Achenes with pappus absent or of minute bristles or scales
184
184
Lvs opp., plant erect
SIEGESBECKIA
Lvs rosulate or alternate, plant low-growing
185
185
Heads sessile or subsessile, axillary
CENTIPEDA
Heads peduncled, or if subsessile then lvs entire
186
186
Lvs rosetted, ray florets conspicuous
187
Lvs not rosetted, ray florets inconspicuous
188
187
Achene not beaked
BRACHYCOME
Achene beaked
LAGENOPHORA
188
Lvs linear, or ovate, entire
189
Lvs spathulate, oblong or lanceolate; crenate or variously pinnatifid or pinnatisect
COTULA
189
Heads bisexual; phyllaries linear, green
ABROTANELLA
Heads unisexual; phyllaries broad with purplish margins
COTULA
190
Disc florets purple; lvs very large, all radical
PLEUROPHYLLUM
Disc florets not purple, or if purple then lvs not as above
191
191
Ray florets conspicuous, white or yellow
192
Ray florets not conspicuous (inner phyllaries may be)
194
192
Plant erect, much branched; lvs small and scattered
VITTADINIA
Plant creeping or prostrate or rosetted, or if erect then sparingly branched
193
193
Rays white, fls solitary
CELMISIA
Rays yellow, or if white then fls in corymbs
SENECIO
194
Plant erect or spreading
195
Plant creeping or prostrate
197
195
Stems fistulate
SENECIO
Stems not fistulate
196
196
Fl heads surrounded by white-tipped phyllaries
EWARTIA
Fl heads not surrounded by white-tipped phyllaries
ERECHTITES
197
Lvs mainly in radical rosettes
CRASPEDIA
Lvs mainly cauline, or if radical then not rosetted
198
198
Lvs densely clothed in woolly tangled or spreading hairs
HAASTIA
Lvs otherwise clothed or glab.
199
199
Lvs completely clothed in appressed silvery tomentum; capitula in dense glomerules surrounded by white, felt-like, conspicuous floral lvs; pappus hairs flattened
LEUCOGENES
Lvs, capitula and floral lvs not as above in combination; pappus hairs not flattened
200
200
Heads sessile or subsessile, plant forming mats
RAOULIA
Heads peduncled
201
201
Female florets more ∞ than hermaphrodite
GNAPHALIUM
Female florets few, hermaphrodite ∞
HELICHRYSUM
202
Plant bearing bladders, aquatic
UTRICULARIA
Plant not bearing bladders
203
203
Plant bearing stinging hairs
URTICA
Plant lacking stinging hairs
204
204
Lvs prickly or spiny-tipped or acicular-tipped
205
Lvs neither prickly nor spiny-tipped, may be hair-tipped
207
205
Lvs prickly on margins
ERYNGIUM
Lvs rigid, spiny-tipped
205A
205A
Lvs simple, us. < 2 cm. long
COLOBANTHUS
Lvs divided into segs, us. > 2 cm. long
206
206
Margins of lf-sheath connate above in front of petiole
ANISOTOME
Margins of lf-sheath not even approaching above, often extended above into stipule-like segs
ACIPHYLLA
207
Lvs bearing ∞ stalked viscid glands
DROSERA
Lvs not as above
208
208
Plant with rosette of radical lvs, fls on scapes or hidden among lf-bases; calyx, corolla and stamens 4-merous, capsule circum- scissile
PLANTAGO
Plant not with all the above characters in combination
209
209
Juice milky, fls in cyathium tipped with crescent-shaped glands; lvs entire, simple
EUPHORBIA
Plant not with all the above characters in combination
210
210
Fls without per.
211
Fls with single or double per.
213
211
Stems and lvs not succulent, fls solitary
CALLITRICHE
Stems and lvs succulent, fls in spikes
212
212
Plant erect, lvs alt. or whorled, perfectly entire
PEPEROMIA
Plant creeping, lvs rosulate, ± toothed
GUNNERA
213
Fls sessile, compacted into globose or hemispherical many-flowered heads which may be peduncled or sessile
214
Fls not so arranged
216
214
Lvs compound, heads us. spinous in fr.
ACAENA
Lvs simple, heads never spinous in fr.
215
215
Lvs orbicular-reniform, petiolate, up to 3 cm. diam., fls in small compact umbels
HYDROCOTYLE
Lvs oblanceolate, sessile and auriculate at base, much larger; fls in hemispherical receptacles
ELATOSTEMA
216
Fls in umbels
217
Fls not in umbels
234
217
Umbels simple
218
Umbels compound
226
218
Lvs stipulate
219
Lvs not stipulate
221
219
Plant with long-beaked fr.
PELARGONIUM
Plant with fr. not long-beaked
220
220
Involucre absent, carpels without secondary ribs
HYDROCOTYLE
Involucre present, carpels with secondary ribs
CENTELLA
221
Stems densely compacted, plant a cushion
AZORELLA
Stems not densely compacted, plant not a cushion
222
222
Lvs quite entire, linear or oblong
223
Lvs toothed, lobed or compound, or if entire then not linear or oblong
224
223
Lvs transversely septate
LILAEOPSIS
Lvs not transversely septate
HEMIPHUES
224
Lvs much dissected
OREOMYRRHIS
Lvs not much dissected
225
225
Carpels flat, suborbicular, calyx teeth minute
CENTELLA
Carpels not flat, calyx teeth prominent
SCHIZEILEMA
226
Fr. globose and fleshy; lvs very large, fleshy, orbicular- reniform
226A
Fr. dry, of paired carpels; lvs not as above
227
226A
Ovary 3-4-celled, fr. hollowed at apex
STILBOCARPA
Ovary 2-celled, fr. not hollowed at apex
KIRKOPHYTUM
227
Carpels bearing hooked bristles
DAUCUS
Carpels bearing smooth wings or ribs
228
228
Carpels broadly oblong, 1·5 cm. long, with 2 or 3 broad wings
COXELLA
Carpels narrow, much smaller, with 3-5 narrow wings or ribs
229
229
Stems prostrate or decumbent, lvs cauline, umbels lf-opposed or terminal
APIUM
Stems absent, lvs all radical, umbels on scapes
230
230
Lvs orbicular-reniform, small, entire or lobed or palmately divided
SCHIZEILEMA
Lvs not as above, pinnate or decompound or if simple then rigid and linear
231
231
Carpels with 2 lateral wings broader than the dorsal; lvs not acicular- or hair-tipped
ANGELICA
Carpels with wings or ribs subequal; lvs acicular- or hair-tipped
232
232
Lf sheath extended above into spinous stipule-like segs
ACIPHYLLA
Lf sheath not so extended
233
233
Margins of lf-sheath connate above in front of petiole
ANISOTOME
Margins of lf-sheath not even approaching each other
ACIPHYLLA
234
Fls papilionaceous, purplish, lvs pinnate
SWAINSONA
Fls not papilionaceous
235
235
Per. single
236
Per. of calyx and corolla
255
236
Lvs fleshy
237
Lvs not fleshy
242
237
Lvs much reduced, connate around succulent stems which appear jointed
SALICORNIA
Lvs not as above
238
238
Fr. inferior, fls yellow
TETRAGONIA
Fr. superior, fls greenish
239
239
Fr. enclosed in 2 triangular bracts
240
Fr. not so enclosed
241
240
Lvs with watery papillae; utricle transverse to bracts
THELEOPHYTON
Lvs glab. or with soft hairs; utricle || bracts
ATRIPLEX
241
Per. fleshy in fruiting stage
SUAEDA
Per. dry in fruiting stage
CHENOPODIUM
242
Fr. enclosed by 2 triangular bracts
ATRIPLEX
Fr. not so enclosed
243
243
Fls large, yellow, pink or white
244
Fls inconspicuous, greenish
245
244
Fls pink, on tall scapes
ANEMONE
Fls yellow or white, on short stalks
CALTHA
245
Fr. a small crimson berry
RHAGODIA
Fr. a capsule, nut or utricle
246
246
Stamen solitary
247
Stamens 2 or more
248
247
Plant a cushion, lvs narrow, not crenate
SCLERANTHUS
Plant creeping, lvs broad, crenate
AUSTRALINA
248
Lvs stipulate
249
Lvs exstipulate
251
249
Stipules free; fr. a capsule splitting into 3 2-valved cocci
PORANTHERA
Stipules fused, forming a scarious sheath around the stem; fr. a nut enclosed in the persistent per.
250
250
Per. of 6 segs, the 3 inner enlarged to enclose the nut
RUMEX
Per. 5-partite, segs equal or the outer ones larger
POLYGONUM
251
Lvs radical, receptacle elongate and spike-like in fr.
MYOSURUS
Lvs and receptacle not as above in combination
252
252
Lvs densely tufted; fr. a valvate capsule with free-basal placenta bearing many seeds
COLOBANTHUS
Lvs and fr. not as above
253
253
Lvs opp.; per. white; fr. broadly winged
ALTERNANTHERA
Lvs alt.; per. greenish; fr. not winged
254
254
Lvs very thin, with 3 prominent nerves from base, pubescence slight or absent
PARIETARIA
Lvs not very thin, nerves us. obscure, pubescence us. marked, mealy
CHENOPODIUM
255
Sepals 4, free, petals 4, free, fr. a 2-celled pod
256
Sepals, petals and fr. otherwise
262
256
Pods much longer than broad
257
Pods about as broad as long
260
257
Seeds in one row
258
Seeds in 2 rows
259
258
Pod compressed, cots accumbent
CARDAMINE
Pod terete or angled, cots incumbent
ISCHNOCARPUS
259
Rootstock stout, lvs mainly radical
CHEESEMANIA
Rootstock slender, lvs mainly cauline
RORIPPA
260
Pods broadly winged
NOTOTHLASPI
Pods not or very narrowly winged
261
261
Petals short or absent, seeds one per cell
LEPIDIUM
Petals twice as long as sepals, seeds several
PACHYCLADON
262
Stamens ∞
263
Stamens not > 10
268
263
Gyn. of ∞ free achenes
264
Gyn. of 3-8 fused carpels
266
264
Calyx of free sepals, petals with one or more nectary scales
RANUNCULUS
Calyx 5-lobed, petals without nectary scales
265
265
Achenes with short style, lvs evenly pinnate
POTENTILLA
Achenes with long style, bent near tip; lvs lyrate-pinnate
GEUM
266
Ovary inferior; lvs triangular in section, very thick and succulent
DISPHYMA
Ovary superior; lvs not as above
267
267
Fls very large, pale yellow with purplish brown centre
HIBISCUS
Fls small, bright yellow
HYPERICUM
268
Stems and lvs densely compacted, plant a cushion
269
Stems and lvs not forming a cushion
275
269
Lvs glab.
270
Lvs hairy, at least towards base
272
270
Sepals 2, petals 5 connate at base, stamens 5
HECTORELLA
Calyx and corolla 4-lobed, or 4
271
271
Lvs exstipulate, fr. of 4 nutlets
TETRACHONDRA
Lvs connected by stipular line, fr. a 2-valved capsule
MITRASACME
272
Cushions hard, fr.ind.
273
Cushions soft, fr. dehiscent
274
273
Corolla of 5 free petals, seeds few, stamens free, styles 2, stout, recurved
DONATIA
Corolla 4-9-lobed, seeds ∞, stamens and style united to form a column
PHYLLACHNE
274
Fr. a capsule, stamens 2
PYGMEA
Fr. of 4 nutlets, stamens 5
MYOSOTIS
275
Stamen filaments and style united to form a column
276
Stamen filaments and styles not so united
277
276
Lvs not tufted, fls on long peduncles, capsule thin-walled
FORSTERA
Lvs tufted, fls subsessile, capsule almost woody when mature
OREOSTYLIDIUM
277
Lvs stipulate
278
Lvs exstipulate
288
278
Lvs alt. or tufted or radical
279
Lvs opp. or whorled
282
279
Lvs trifoliolate
OXALIS
Lvs not trifoliolate
280
280
Capsule 5-celled, dehiscing by 5 carpels splitting from base upwards
GERANIUM
Capsule 3-celled, dehiscing by valves
281
281
Fls conspicuous, 2-lipped, white streaked with purple
VIOLA
Fls minute, greenish-white
PORANTHERA
282
Stipules equalling lvs, forming whorls of 4
283
Stipules minute, or at least not looking like lvs
284
283
Corolla rotate; frs peduncled, lf whorls distant
GALIUM
Corolla campanulate; frs sessile, lf whorls crowded
GALIUM (ASPERULA)
284
Stamens 10, seeds winged
SPERGULARIA
Stamens not > 5, seeds not winged
285
285
Fr. a small drupe with 2 pyrenes
NERTERA
Fr. a dry capsule
286
286
Corolla gamopetalous, stipules an interpetiolar line
MITRASACME
Corolla polypetalous, stipules not as above
287
287
Plant delicate, anthers dehiscing by slits, fls sessile
ELATINE
Plant hardened at base, anthers dehiscing by pores, fls peduncled
PORANTHERA
288
Lvs opp. or in whorls
289
Lvs alt. or tufted or radical
313
289
Corolla enlarged and succulent in fr., much < calyx in fl.
CORIARIA
Corolla not as above
290
290
Lvs in whorls of 4, simple
291
Lvs not whorled or if whorled then pinnately divided
292
291
Corolla rotate; frs peduncled, lf whorls distant
GALIUM
Corolla campanulate; frs sessile, lf whorls crowded
GALIUM (ASPERULA)
292
Lvs with broad membr. sheathing base, fr. fleshy
LIPAROPHYLLUM
Lvs without broad membr. base, fr. not fleshy
293
293
Fr. elongated, seeds with tufts of hairs
EPILOBIUM
Fr. not elongated, seeds without tufts of hairs
294
294
Fr. inferior
295
Fr. superior
297
295
Fr. a capsule, stamens 5, seeds ∞
WAHLENBERGIA
Fr. a nut or 4 nutlets, stamens 2, 4 or 8, seeds few
296
296
Fr. separating into 4 nutlets
MYRIOPHYLLUM
Fr. not separating into nutlets
HALORAGIS
297
Corolla polypetalous
298
Corolla gamopetalous
299
298
Fr. of 4 separate follicles, petals and sepals 4
TILLAEA
Fr. a 4-6-valved, 1-celled capsule; petals and sepals 5 or more
STELLARIA
299
Fr. of 4 nutlets
300
Fr. a capsule
302
300
Calyx 2-lipped, lips entire
SCUTELLARIA
Calyx with 4 or 5 equal teeth
301
301
Lvs pubescent, gland-dotted; plant diffuse
MENTHA
Lvs glab. or nearly so, plant a dense mat
TETRACHONDRA
302
Stamens 2, staminodes 2
GRATIOLA
Stamens 2, 4 or 5, no staminodes
303
303
Stamens 2
304
Stamens 4 or 5
305
304
Plant forming small dense cushions
PYGMEA
Plant not forming small dense cushions
JOVELLANA
305
Corolla distinctly 2-lipped
306
Corolla lobes about equal
309
306
Stigma capitate or clavate; calyx 4-lobed
307
Stigma of 2 flat lamellae; calyx 5-lobed or -angled
308
307
Corolla tube short; ovules > 1 per locule; anthers cohering
EUPHRASIA
Corolla tube very long and slender; ovules 1 per locule; anthers free, erect
EUPHRASIA (SIPHONIDIUM)
308
Calyx 5-angled, minutely 5-toothed
MIMULUS
Calyx not angled, 5-lobed
MAZUS
309
Fls minute, greenish
310
Fls conspicuous, white or coloured
311
310
Stigma clavate
LIMOSELLA
Stigma spathulate
GLOSSOSTIGMA
311
Fls < one cm. long, with narrow tube longer than lobes, pale yellow
SEBAEA
Fls larger, tube = or < lobes or corolla campanulate; not pale yellow
312
312
Style filiform, lvs crenate or if entire then plant creeping; corolla oblique
OURISIA
Style short or absent, lvs entire, glab.; corolla regular
GENTIANA
313
Lvs 3-foliolate
OXALIS
Lvs not 3-foliolate
314
314
Fr. of 4 nutlets
315
Fr. not of 4 nutlets
316
315
Lvs very large, ovate-cordate, fleshy, glab.
MYOSOTIDIUM
Lvs small, not cordate, densely hairy
MYOSOTIS
316
Fr. fleshy
317
Fr. dry
321
317
Fls in spikes, plant creeping
GUNNERA
Fls not in spikes
318
318
Ovules 2, calyx cupular
SCAEVOLA
Ovules ∞, calyx 5-partite
319
319
Fls in racemes, corolla 3-5 cm. long; plant erect
PRATIA (COLENSOA)
Fls solitary or paired, corolla much smaller; plant creeping or decumbent
320
320
Lvs toothed, thin, stigma 2-lobed
PRATIA
Lvs entire, fleshy, stigma with cup-shaped indusium
SELLIERA
321
Sepals 2
322
Sepals more than 2, or calyx 2-lipped
323
322
Capsule with many seeds, fls white
CLAYTONIA
Capsule with 1-3 seeds, fls greenish
MONTIA
323
Capsule elongated, seeds with tufts of hairs
EPILOBIUM
Capsule not elongated, seeds without tufts of hairs
324
324
Anthers cohering
325
Anthers free
326
325
Corolla split to base at back
LOBELIA
Corolla entire or nearly so
ISOTOMA
326
Stamens 4 or 8
327
Stamens 5
328
327
Fr. angled, fls inconspicuous, petals 4 or 0
HALORAGIS
Fr. not angled, fls conspicuous, corolla 2-lipped
MAZUS
328
Calyx of 5 free sepals
329
Calyx gamosepalous
332
329
Fls in corymbs, plant erect or bushy
LINUM
Fls solitary, plant creeping
330
330
Corolla inconspicuous, rotate; styles 2
DICHONDRA
Corolla conspicuous, plaited; style 1
331
331
Bracts large, enclosing calyx
CALYSTEGIA
Bracts small or absent
CONVOLVULUS
332
Fls minute, yellow or purplish; fr. of 1 or 2 one-seeded cocci
STACKHOUSIA
Fls larger, white or blue; fr. with ∞ seeds
333
333
Fr. inferior, placentation axile; stamens adhering around style, free from petals
WAHLENBERGIA
Fr. half inferior, placentation free-basal, stamens opp. petals and inserted on them
SAMOLUS
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