Flora of New Zealand Series

≡Parmelia substrigosa Hale, in W.A. Weber, Lich. Exsicc. No. 338 (1971).

Description : Flora (1985: 616).

Chemistry : Cortex K−; medulla K+ yellow→red, C−, KC+ red, Pd+ orange; containing norstictic acid (major), connorstictic, ±salazinic, ±consalazinic and usnic acids.

N: Hawke's Bay (Taradale, near Napier). S: Marlborough (Wairau River mouth, Saxton Pass), Canterbury (Waipara, Wakari, Amberley, Sockburn, Harewood near Christchurch, Gebbie's Pass, Banks Peninsula, Duvauchelle), Otago (Wanaka, Manorburn Reservoir Alexandra, Otematapaio River, Kyeburn). On rocks and soil in grassland. Known also from upland areas of southern and eastern Australia and Tasmania (Elix 1994s: 292; McCarthy 2003c, 2006).

Australasian

Illustrations : Galloway (1981b: 544, fig. 121); Hale (1990: 206, fig. 68F); Elix (1994s: 200, fig. 91); Kantvilas et al. (2002: 235).

Xanthoparmelia substrigosa is characterised by: the saxicolous/terricolous habit; the loosely adnate thallus; broadly sinuous lobe margins; a pale-brown to dark brown-black lower surface with very dense, brush-like simple to dichotomously branched rhizines; and norstictic acid in the medulla.