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Volume I (1961) - Flora of New Zealand Indigenous Tracheophyta - Psilopsida, Lycopsida, Filicopsida, Gymnospermae, Dicotyledons
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Scrophulariaceae Juss.

SCROPHULARIACEAE

Fls perfect, irregular to subregular, us. bracted, solitary to racemed or paniculate; calyx us. deeply 4-5-lobed or -toothed; corolla gamopetalous, us. 4-5-lobed, others ± bilabiate. Stamens arising near base of corolla-tube, 4 and didynamous or 2, rarely 5, one pair sts reduced to staminodes; anthers 2-celled, dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary superior, 2-loculed; placentation axile; style 1, stigmas simple, bilobed or occ. paired. Fr. a septicidal or loculicidal capsule. Herbs, subshrubs, shrubs or trees, occ. lianes, with opp. or alt., simple, entire or toothed or pinnatifidly lobed exstipulate lvs. Widespread family of some 220 genera and over 3000 spp., some members parasites or hemiparasites.

Key

1
Lower lip of corolla inflated, deeply concave, saccate
1. JOVELLANA
Lower lip of corolla not as above
2
2
Perfect stamens 2; staminodes 2, filiform
2. GRATIOLA
Perfect stamens 4 or 2; no staminodes
3
3
Perfect stamens 4; herbs
4
Perfect stamens 2; mostly ± woody
9
4
Corolla minute, lobes or teeth nearly equal; very small herbs
5
Corolla conspicuous, two upper lobes us. distinct from lower lobes; larger herbs
6
5
Calyx 3-4-lobed, stigma spathulate
3. GLOSSOSTIGMA
Calyx 5-lobed, stigma clavate
4. LIMOSELLA
6
Two posterior corolla-lobes or upper lip covered in bud by one or both lateral lobes; calyx 4-lobed or -toothed
7. EUPHRASIA
Two posterior corolla-lobes or upper lip covering lateral lobes in bud; calyx 5-lobed or -toothed
7
7
Calyx angled; fls solitary, axillary
5. MIMULUS
Calyx not angled
8
8
Fls mostly in whorls or pairs; stigma capitate
8. OURISIA
Fls solitary or few; stigma bilobed
6. MAZUS
9
Calyx and corolla both 5-(6)-partite; perennial herbs of dense pulvinate habit or very small prostrate rooting shrubs; capsule didymous with septum across narrowest diam.
9. PYGMEA
Calyx and corolla us. both 4-partite, occ. one or other (very rarely both) 5-partite; mostly subshrubs or shrubs
10
10
Herbs or decumbent rooting subshrubs woody at base; capsule with septum across narrowest diam., laterally compressed or turgid and always ± didymous
10. PARAHEBE
Decumbent to erect woody shrubs or small trees; capsule us. with septum across widest diam. and ± dorsally compressed, occ. strongly laterally compressed with narrow septum but then never didymous
11. HEBE
Fig. 33. SCROPHULARIACEAE. Fruits. Parahebe and Pygmea : anterior views above, lateral views below. Euphrasia : E. disperma lateral views, common one-seeded asymmetric form on left, rarer two-seeded symmetric form on right; E. cheesemanii lateral view on left, anterior view on right. Bracts shown in short-pedicelled species; capsules shown detached from longer calyces. © All rights reserved. [Image: 4X1H]
Fig. 33. SCROPHULARIACEAE. Fruits. Parahebe and Pygmea : anterior views above, lateral views below. Euphrasia : E. disperma lateral views, common one-seeded asymmetric form on left, rarer two-seeded symmetric form on right; E. cheesemanii lateral view on left, anterior view on right. Bracts shown in short-pedicelled species; capsules shown detached from longer calyces. © All rights reserved. [Image: 4X1H]
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